Simon J. Rhodes, Ph.D. Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology Indiana University School of Medicine Transcriptional Regulation of Endocrine Organ Development Recent Publications [go to PubMed]

Colvin, S.C., Mullen, R.D., Pfäffle, R.W., and Rhodes, S.J. (2009). LHX3 and LHX4 transcription factors in pituitary development and disease. Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews, 6 Suppl 2:283-90.

Kelberman D, Turton JP, Woods KS, Mehta A, Al-Khawari M, Greening J, Swift PG, Otonkoski T, Rhodes SJ, Dattani MT. Molecular analysis of novel PROP1 mutations associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 Jan;70(1):96-103. Epub 2008 Jun 25.

Pfaeffle RW, Hunter CS, Savage JJ, Duran-Prado M, Mullen RD, Neeb ZP, Eiholzer U, Hesse V, Haddad NG, Stobbe HM, Blum WF, Weigel JF, Rhodes SJ. Three novel missense mutations within the LHX4 gene are associated with variable pituitary hormone deficiencies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Mar;93(3):1062-71. Epub 2007 Dec 11. PMID: 18073311

Savage JJ, Hunter CS, Clark-Sturm SL, Jacob TM, Pfaeffle RW, Rhodes SJ. Mutations in the LHX3 gene cause dysregulation of pituitary and neural target genes that reflect patient phenotypes. Gene. 2007 Oct 1;400(1-2):44-51. Epub 2007 Jun 7. PMID: 17616267.

Ward RD, Davis SW, Cho M, Esposito C, Lyons RH, Cheng JF, Rubin EM, Rhodes SJ, Raetzman LT, Smith TP, Camper SA. Comparative genomics reveals functional transcriptional control sequences in the Prop1 gene. Mamm Genome. 2007 Jul;18(6-7):521-37. Epub 2007 Jun 8. PMID: 17557180.

Pfaeffle RW, Savage JJ, Hunter CS, Palme C, Ahlmann M, Kumar P, Bellone J, Schoenau E, Korsch E, Brämswig JH, Stobbe HM, Blum WF, Rhodes SJ. Four novel mutations of the LHX3 gene cause combined pituitary hormone deficiencies with or without limited neck rotation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 May;92(5):1909-19. Epub 2007 Feb 27. PMID: 17327381.

Vasiliev, O., Rhodes, S.J., and Beebe, D.C. (2007). Identification and expression of Hop, an atypical homeobox gene expressed late in lens fiber cell terminal differentiation. Molecular Vision, 13: 114-124 .

Savage, J.J., Mullen, R.D., Sloop, K.W., Colvin , S.C., Camper, S.A., Franklin, C.L., and Rhodes, S.J. (2007). Transgenic mice expressing LHX3 transcription factor isoforms in the pituitary: effects on the gonadotrope axis and sex-specific reproductive disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 212: 105-117.

Mullen, R.D., Colvin, S.C., Hunter, C.H., Savage, J.J., Walvoord, E.C., Bhangoo, A.P.S., Ten, T., Weigel, J., Pfäffle, R.W., and Rhodes, S.J. (2007). Roles of the LHX3 and LHX4 LIM-homeodomain factors in pituitary development. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 265-266: 190-195.

Durán-Prado, M., Bucharles, C., Gonzalez, B.J., Vázquez-Martínez, R., Martínez-Fuentes, A.J., García-Navarro, S., Rhodes, S.J. Vaudry, H., Malagón, M.M., and Castaño, J.P. (2006). Porcine somatostatin receptor 2 displays typical pharmacological sst2 features but unique dynamics of homodimerization and internalization . Endocrinology. 148: 411-421. Epub 2006 Oct 19.

Granger A, Bleux C, Kottler ML, Rhodes SJ, Counis R, Laverriere JN. (2006). The LIM-homeodomain Proteins Isl-1 and Lhx3 act with Steroidogenic Factor-1 to Enhance Gonadotrope-specific Activity of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene Promoter. Mol Endocrinol. Apr 13; [Epub ahead of print]

Bhangoo, A.P.S., Hunter, C.S., Savage, J.J., Anhalt H, Pavlakis S, Walvoord E.C., Ten, S., and Rhodes, S.J. (2006). A novel LHX3 mutation presenting as combined pituitary hormonal deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91(3):747-753.

Yaden, B.C., Garcia, M.III, Smith, T.P.L., and Rhodes, S.J. (2006). Two promoters mediate transcription from the human LHX3 gene: involvement of nuclear factor I and specificity protein 1. Endocrinology 147(1):324-37. Epub 2005 Sep 22.

Hunter, C.S. and Rhodes, S.J. (2005). LIM-homeodomain genes in mammalian development and human disease. Mol. Biol. Rep., 32, 67-77.

Yaden, B.C., Savage, J.J., Hunter, C.S., and Rhodes, S.J. (2005). DNA recognition properties of the LHX3b LIM homeodomain transcription factor. Mol. Biol. Rep., 32, 1-6.

Alvarez, M., Shah, R., Rhodes, S.J., and Bidwell, J.P. (2005). Two promoters control the mouse Nmp4/CIZ transcription factor gene. Gene, Gene. 2005 Feb 28;347(1):43-54. Epub 2005 Jan 21.

Parker, G.E., West, B.E., Witzmann, F.A., and Rhodes, S.J. (2005). Serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphorylation of the LHX3 LIM-homeodomain transcription factor. J. Cell. Biochem., 94, 67-80.

West, B.E., Parker, G.E., Savage, J.J., Kiratipranon, P., Toomey, K.S., Beach, L.R., Colvin, S.C., Sloop, K.W., and Rhodes, S.J. (2004). Regulation of the follicle-stimulating hormone beta gene by the LHX3 LIM-homeodomain transcription factor. Endocrinology, 145 (11):4866-79.

Guy, J.C., Hunter, C.S., Showalter, A.D., Smith, T.P.L., Charoonpatrapong, K., Sloop, K.W., Bidwell, J.P., and Rhodes, S.J. (2004). Conserved amino acid sequences confer nuclear localization upon the Prophet of Pit-1 pituitary transcription factor protein. Gene, 336, 263-273. PDF File

Shah R, Alvarez M, Jones DR, Torrungruang K, Watt AJ, Selvamurugan N, Partridge NC, Quinn CO, Pavalko FM, Rhodes SJ, Bidwell JP. (2004). Nmp4/CIZ regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) response to parathryoid hormone in osteoblasts. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287: E289–E296, 2004. (First published March 16, 2004; 10.1152/ajpendo.00517.2003).

Tran, P., Savage, J.J., Ingraham, H.A., and Rhodes, S.J. (2004). Molecular genetics of hypothalamic-pituitary axis development, in Pediatric Endocrinology: Mechanisms, Manifestations and Management. Editors: Pescovitz, O.H. and Eugster, E.A. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. pp. 63-79.

Showalter, A.D., Yaden, B.C., Chernoff, E.A.G., and Rhodes, S.J. (2004). Cloning and analysis of axolotl ISL2 and LHX2 LIM-homeodomain transcription factors. Genesis 38, 110-121.

Walvoord, E.C., Sloop, K.W., Dwyer, C.J., Rhodes, S.J., and Pescovitz, O.H. (2003). Severe short stature and endogenous growth hormone resistance in twin brothers without growth hormone gene mutations. Endocrine, 21, 289-295

Savage, J.J., Yaden, B.C., Kiratipranon P., and Rhodes, S.J. (2003). Transcriptional control during mammalian anterior pituitary development. Gene, 319, 1-19.

Alvarez, M., Rhodes, S.J., and Bidwell, J.P. (2003). Context-dependent transcription: all politics is local. Gene, 313, 43-57.

Palakal, M., Stephens, M., Mukhopadhyay, S., Raje. R., and Rhodes, S.J. (2003). Identification of biological relationships from text documents using efficient computational methods. J. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 1, 1-34.

Freking, B.A., Murphy, S., Wylie, A., Jirtle, R.L., Rhodes, S.J., Keele, J.W. Leymaster, K.A., and Smith, T.P.L. (2002). Identification of the single base change causing the callipyge muscle hypertrophy phenotype, the only known example of polar overdominance in mammals. Genome Research, 12, 1496-1506.

Cushman, L.J., Showalter, A.D., and Rhodes, S.J. (2002). Genetic defects in the development and function of the anterior pituitary gland. Ann. Med. 34, 179-191.

Showalter, A.D., Smith, T.P.L., Bennett G.L., Sloop K.W., Whitsett J.A., and Rhodes S.J. (2002). Differential conservation of transcriptional domains of mammalian Prophet of Pit-1 proteins revealed by structural studies of the bovine gene and comparative functional analysis of the protein. Gene 291, 211-221.

Palakal, M., Stephens, M., Mukhopadhyay, S., Raje, R., and Rhodes, S.J. (2002). A multi-level text mining method to extract biological relationships, IEEE CSB 2002, Stanford, CA.

Torrungruang, K., Alvarez, M., Shah, R., Rhodes, S.J., Onyia, J.E., and Bidwell, J.P. (2002). DNA binding and gene activation properties of the Nmp4 nuclear matrix transcription factors. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 16153-16159.

Torrungruang, K., Shah, R., Alvarez, M., Bowen, D.K., Pavalko, F., Elmendorf, E., Hock, J., Rhodes, S.J., and Bidwell, J.P. (2002). Osteoblast intracellular localization of Nmp4 proteins. Bone 30, 931-936.

Parker, G.E., Sloop, K.W., and Rhodes, S.J. (2002). Transcriptional control of the development and function of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Dev. Endocrinol.: from Research to Clinical Practice. 3-42.

Sloop, K.W., Parker, G.E., and Rhodes, S.J. (2001). Transcriptional regulation in mammalian pituitary development and disease. Curr. Genom. 2, 379-398.

Rhodes, S.J. and Banner, L.R. (2001). "Are your cells pregnant?" - relating biology laboratory exercises to everyday life. The American Biology Teacher 63, 514-517.

Bidwell, J. P., Torrungruang, K., Alvarez, M., Rhodes, S.J., Shah, R., and Watt, A.J. (2001). Involvement of the nuclear matrix in the control of skeletal genes: the NMP1 (YY1) NMP2 (Cbfa1), and NMP4 (Nmp4/CIZ) transcription factors. Crit. Rev. Euk. Gene Exp. 11, 1-20.

Alvarez, M.B., Thunyakitpisal, P., Rhodes, S.J., Everett, E.T., and Bidwell, J.P. (2001). Assignment of Nmp4 to mouse chromosome 6 band F1 flanked by D6Mit134 and D6Mit255 using radiation hybrid mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 94, 244-245.

Smith, T.P.L., Showalter, A.D., Sloop, K.W., Rohrer, G.A., Fahrenkrug, S.C., Meier, B.C., and Rhodes, S.J. (2001). Identification of porcine Lhx3 and SF1 as candidate genes for QTL affecting growth and reproduction traits in swine. Anim. Genet. 32, 344-350.

Bridwell, J.L., Price, J.R., Parker, G.E., McCutchan Schiller, A., Sloop, K.W., and Rhodes, S.J. (2001). Role of the LIM domains in DNA recognition by the Lhx3 neuroendocrine transcription factor. Gene 277, 239-250.

Sloop, K.W., Dwyer, C., and Rhodes, S.J. (2001). An isoform-specific inhibitory domain regulates the LHX3 LIM homeodomain factor holoprotein and the production of a functional alternate translation form. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 36311-36319.

Blazer-Yost, B.L., Butterworth, M., Hartman, A., Parker, G.E., Faletti, C., Els, W.J., and Rhodes, S.J. (2001). Characterization and imaging of A6 epithelial cell clones expressing fluorescently-labeled ENaC subunits. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 281, C624–C632.

Sloop, K.W., Parker, G.E., Hanna, K.R., Wright, H.A., and Rhodes, S.J. (2001). LHX3 transcription factor mutations associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency impair the activation of pituitary target genes. Gene 265, 61-69.

Thunyakitpisal, P., Alvarez, M., Tokunaga,T., Onyia, J.E., Hock, J., Rhodes, S.J., and Bidwell, J.P. (2001). Cloning and functional analysis of a novel family of nuclear matrix transcription factors (NP/NMP4) that regulate type I collagen expression. J. Bone Min. Res. 16, 10-23.

Sloop, K.W., McCutchan Schiller, A., Blanton Jr., J.R., Meier, B.C., Rohrer, G., Smith, T.P.L., and Rhodes, S.J. (2000). Biochemical and genetic characterization of the porcine Prophet of Pit-1 pituitary transcription factor. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 168, 77-87.

Feister, H., Torrungruang, K., Thunyakitpisal, P., Parker, G.E., Rhodes, S.J., and Bidwell, J.P. (2000). The NP/NMP4 transcription factors have distinct osteoblast nuclear matrix subdomains. J. Cell. Biochem. 79, 506-517.

Sloop, K.W., Walvoord, E.C., Showalter, A.D., Pescovitz, O.H., and Rhodes, S.J. (2000). Molecular analysis of LHX3 and PROP-1 in pituitary hormone deficiency patients with posterior pituitary ectopia. J. Clin. Endo. Metab. 85, 2701-2708.

Parker, G.E., Sandoval, R.M., Feister, H.A., Bidwell, J.P., and Rhodes, S.J. (2000). The homeodomain coordinates nuclear entry of the Lhx3 neuroendocrine transcription factor and association with the nuclear matrix. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 23891-23898.

Sloop, K.W., Showalter, A.D., Von Kap-Herr, C., Pettenati, M.J., and Rhodes, S.J. (2000). Analysis of the human LHX3 neuroendocrine transcription factor gene and mapping to the subtelomeric region of chromosome 9. Gene 245, 237-243.

Smith, R. and Rhodes, S.J. (2000). Applications of developmental biology to medicine and animal agriculture. Prog. Drug Res. 54, 155-198.

Sloop, K.W. and Rhodes, S.J. (2000). Combined hot start and touchdown PCR protocols optimize amplification of difficult targets. Biochemica 1/2000, 35-36.

Sloop, K.W., Meier, B.C., Bridwell, J.L., Parker, G.E., McCutchan Schiller, A., and Rhodes, S.J. (1999). Differential activation of pituitary hormone genes by human Lhx3 isoforms with distinct DNA binding properties. Mol. Endocrinol. 13, 2212-2225.

Meier, B.C., Price, J.R., Parker, G.E., Bridwell, J.L., and Rhodes, S.J. (1999). Cloning and characterization of the porcine Lhx3/LIM-3/P-Lim transcription factor. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 147, 65-74.

Rhodes, S.J. and Smith, R. (1998). Using the power of developmental biology for drug discovery. Drug Disc. Today 3, 361-369.

Rhodes SJ. Hormone signaling pathways: planes, trains, and automobiles... Trends Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Oct 1;9(8):345-7. PMID: 18406302

DiMattia, G.E., Rhodes, S.J., Krones, A., Carrière, C., O’Connell, S., Kalla, K.A., Arias, C., Sawchenko, P.E., and Rosenfeld, M.G. (1997). The PIT-1 gene is regulated by distinct early and late pituitary-specific enhancers. Dev. Biol. 182, 180-190.

Rhodes, S.J., Krones, A., Nelson, C., and Rosenfeld, M.G. (1996). Function of the conserved Pit-1 gene enhancer in progenitor and differentiated pituitary cells. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 124, 163-172.

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