Afterword: As We Travel On

Notes by Nikki Garland

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What McWhorter would like you to remember:

 

·       Language is not a set system

·        Even as we speak, language is constantly changing

·       The process is slow, but that does not mean language is “static”

·       All languages are “bundles” of dialect

 

Black English

·       It is a form of standard English

·       Standard English is not linguistically superior to the black dialect

·       Some of the features that give the black dialect a bad name are right at home in other languages. For example “the dropped verb ‘to be’ that makes black teenagers sound lazy are perfect Russian or Arabic”

 

Standard Dialects

·       A standard variety of speech in the U.S. is not absolutely necessary because all Americans understand mostly all English dialects. 

·       The standard dialect will always have great social significance

·       Nonstandard dialects are not lazy versions of standard English

·       Those who speak a nonstandard English usually also speak in the Standard English. For example, a person can say can say to a friend “I ain’t going no where” and at their place of employment say “I’m not going anywhere.  These people are speaking two wonderfully complex speech varieties in accordance with one another.

 

Creoles

·       They are indeed a legitimate dialect

·       As we can see with our own standard dialect, mixing or borrowing words does not “contaminate” the language

 

In the Meantime

·       There is nothing wrong with not speaking the English of the past (the formal English of Shakespeare and the like)

·       It is ridiculous to make people feel bad about the way they speak

·       Most likely, all languages trace back to one original language

·       Admire the beauty of the vast variety found in the over 5,000 languages we have.  This variety stems from simple language change over time.

 

Conclusion: Final Thought

            Rejoice in the beauty found in all languages!

 

Study Questions

         

1.  What are McWhorter’s main points?

2.  What is McWhorter essentially saying about language?

3.  Since reading this book, has the way you view language changed?  Why or why not?

 

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