Class
Notes by Moronda Owsley
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19th Century
English Factors Influence Popular English
-population
increase
-spread
of English world-wide
-bilingualism
increase
-literacy
spreads
-education
spreads (moral&content)
-rise
of standardization
-selection, codification, elaboration,
implementation
-English
attitudes are important
-communication
and technology increases
-democracy
grows
-commercialism
1)
Let
people find your exact sources
2)
Enhance
credibility
1)
Plural
2)
Past
Tense
3)
Possessive
4)
Third
Person Singular
5)
Past
Participle (ed)
6)
Present
Participles (ing)
7)
–ER,
create adjectives
8)
–EST,
affixes
*Declension-whole set of forms for a
word
*Inflection-stick on ends of words
Linguistic effects of
Colonization (Key Terms)
1)
substrate-evidence
of other language
2)
dialect-leveling,
smoothing differences
3)
focusing-standardization
4)
internal
differentiation-variation in colony
“It
is the business of Americans to select the wisdom of all nations, as the basis
of
Constitutions—to
avoid their errours—to prevent the introduction of foreign vices and
corrections and check the career of her own—to promote virtue and patriotism—to
embellish and improve the science—to diffuse an uniformity and purity of
language,--to add superior dignity to this infant Empire and to human
nature” (Webster, Grammatical
Institute, pt.1, pg.15).
*DARE-regional American,
etymology, definition, distribution
*OED-etymology, citation
(earliest use) may not have regional information is such details
Group
One
-Consistently
long, hard-to-understand sentences
-demoralised
-centre s/z
-modernisation re/er
-challenges
-souvenier
P2-have
been imparted training? -Vocabulary
-take on to…
-idiom
P12-incomplete
sentences
The
work order was consistently different than we would use today. Many sentences were incomplete in paragraphs
11&12.
Group
Two
Vocabulary:
1.
Settle: stove top
2.
“I
conjectured” : “I thought.”
3.
Adjuration:
andappeal
Grammar:
1.
“Have
you no place you call a parlour?”
2.
“They’s
Masters …”
3.
“My
supper by this time was cold.”
Group
Three
Text
shows evidence of British Colonization:
-Spelling
variation (from standard American English)
-ex:
“compromised” vs. compromized
-ex:
“trivialized” vs.
trivialized
-Variations
in verb forms
-ex:
“when all else had failed”
vs. has failed
-ex:
“plus-que parfait vs.
past participle
Text
shows evidence of non-native English-Nigerians struggle with English (or
ideas):
-ex: “of recent” vs.
recently
-ex: “comes well behind” vs. follow
-ex: “not far to seek” vs. easy to see
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