This is a catalogue of and guide to the Charles S. Peirce Papers which are presently housed in the Houghton Library, the rare book and manuscript library at Harvard University. The papers were for the most part received by the Harvard Philosophy Department from Peirce's widow in the winter of 1914-15, less than a year after his death. These are the papers which have been worked on over the years by several scholars, initially by Josiah Royce, who unfortunately died before much progress was made, more recently by Charles Hartshorne, Paul Weiss, and Arthur Burks, as editors of the Collected Papers,* and most recently by Max H. Fisch, in connection with the preparation of an intellectual biography of Peirce.
The papers have been divided into two parts. Part One consists principally of manuscripts; Part Two, of correspondence. The manuscripts range over the whole of Peirce's intellectual life and include as anyone familiar with Peirce might expect manuscripts on logic, mathematics, metaphysics, and pragmatism. Also included are Peirce's scientific manuscripts, his manuscripts in the history of science and in linguistics, his reviews and translations, and various other manuscripts, many of biographical interest. In addition to the manuscripts, there is a considerable body of correspondence which ranges over much of Peirce's private and professional life. Placed with this correspondence, but organized separately, is the correspondence of Peirce's second wife Juliette, the correspondence among various members of Peirce's family, and some miscellaneous correspondence.
In the fall of 1960 when I began my work on the Catalogue, Peirce's papers had been assembled for the convenience of those who, like myself, were engaged in one or another of several Peirce projects. Although the papers were all in one place, there were, in fast, three separate sets of Peirce materials, all organized, with a catalogue for one and a catalogue of sorts for another, but none for the third. The bulk of the Peirce Collection at Harvard, consisting of sixty-one boxes and bundles, had been maintained in the Archives of Widener Library The "Archives" material had been organized, boxed, and catalogued in 1941 by Knight W. McMahan. McMahan's ninety-nine page typewritten "Catalogue of the C. S. Peirce Manuscripts," with its description of what the boxes contained,

* Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, Vols. I-VIII, Harvard University Press, 1931-1958.

served well the needs of Peirce scholars who sought to examine the contents of those boxes and, although incomplete, it came as close as was possible at that time to putting Peirce's papers into some kind of final order. Later John F. Boler contributed an eleven-page addition which dealt more effectively than McMahan's catalogue had with Peirce's book reviews.
Another distinguishable part of the Peirce Collection, also sizable but of less importance than the material located in the Archives, had been maintained in Houghton Library. The "Houghton" material consisted of some nineteen boxes which had neither been classified nor catalogued until a preliminary arrangement and listing of this material was effected in 1960 by John Boler in his "Interim Catalogue," a typescript of thirteen pages.
The third distinguishable part of the Peirce Collection the correspondence had been kept mostly with the "Archives" material and had been partially organized by McMahan at the time he was working on his catalogue. But since then, in 1960 to be specific, the collection of family correspondence, formerly in the Benjamin Peirce Papers in the Archives had been transferred to the Charles Peirce Collection by authorization of Charles Peirce's niece, Miss Helen Ellis. Subsequently, more family correspondence found its way into the Collection, again, by authorization of Miss Helen Ellis. By this time, the whole of the correspondence had been completely reorganized.
In addition to the Peirce material noted above, there were miscellaneous manuscripts that had been listed separately in the catalogues of Widener and Houghton; various collections of articles on or by Peirce, some of the articles being annotated; annotated books from Peirce's library; public documents and photographs; and much unedited, scraplike material, to mention only some of the items which needed to be integrated with the rest. The present catalogue is the attempt to gather several collections and miscellaneous items into one collection. Unquestionably, the fact that so much of the Peirce manuscripts and correspondence had already been ordered or partially ordered, greatly facilitated my own efforts at integration. Clearly, if it were not for the fast that the cataloguing of the Peirce Papers had a history, this catalogue could not have been produced, most certainly not in the time it took to produce it.
Having noted the history of the cataloguing of the Peirce Papers, I would be remiss if I did not mention the contributions of W. F. Kernan and V. F. Lenzen.* Kernan's "List of C. S. Peirce Manuscripts," a nine-page

* For interesting accounts of the early history of the Peirce Papers, see V. Lenzen's "Reminiscences of a Mission to Milford, Pennsylvania," Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society, I, X (Spring 1965) pp. 3-11 and W. F. Kernan's "The Peirce Manuscripts and Josiah Royce A Memoir Harvard 1915-1916," Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society, I, 2 (Fall 1965) pp. 90-95.

typescript, was prepared at the time he was assisting Royce in organizing Peirce's papers and collaborating with him on an article entitled "Charles Sanders Peirce" which appeared in the Journal of Philosophy, December 21, 1916, a memorial issue devoted to Peirce. Lenzen's "Notes on Papers and MSS. in The Charles S. Peirce Collection," a twenty-page typescript, is an evaluation of the contents and the physical condition of the manuscripts which, at the time (December 1917), were sorted into eighty-three boxes. The Kernan and Lenzen typescripts, along with the catalogues of Boler and McMahan, are kept with the Peirce Papers, and are available for consultation.
Needless to say, I am indebted to all those who have shared in the ordering and cataloguing of the Peirce Papers. Nor is my indebtedness limited to those who were actively engaged in cataloguing per se. My indebtedness extends to the several editors of the Collected Papers who were engaged, along with the others, in the work of identifying, classifying, and uniting papers which had become separated. With very few exceptions, the readers of this catalogue and of the microfilm edition of Peirce's papers which has recently been made available, and even the persons who may in the future use this catalogue as a guide to the original papers themselves, will get only a very inadequate sense of the years of labor that have gone into this sort of preliminary editorial work. For this and other reasons I want to record my indebtedness to those who most recently have been and still continue to be engaged in that same work of identifying, classifying, and reassembling. Besides Max H. Fisch, for whom a special word of gratitude is reserved, I wish to mention especially the contributions of Carolyn Eisele to the mathematics and the history of science sections of the Catalogue, of Ruth B. Fisch to the biography and correspondence sections, and of Don D. Roberts who ordered and provided a page-by-page index of the important Logic Notebook (MS. 339) and who had done considerable work on a number of logic manuscripts. Although each of the persons mentioned had areas of spe-cial interest, their efforts in behalf of the Catalogue were not confined only to those areas. Over the past few years earlier drafts of this catalogue were in active use, and this afforded opportunity for correction and am-plification. The present catalogue is the beneficiary of both. So to those persons mentioned, I owe much of what is valuable in this catalogue; for its failures, I alone am responsible.
My major debt of gratitude is to Max H. Fisch. It is only right to point out the fact that he, along with Ruth B. Fisch, has spent an incredible amount of time on the sort of preliminary editorial work noted above. Therefore, it is not surprising that nearly every page of the Catalogue bears witness to his scholarship and encyclopedic knowledge of Peirce's life and works. To be more specific: McMahan's catalogue dealt reasonably well with Peirce's mathematical, philosophical, and scientific papers, but only sketchily with his correspondence and other papers of biographical interest. It was Professor Fisch's extensive work on the correspondence and these other papers which resulted, especially in the case of the correspondence, in the organization exhibited in this catalogue. Moreover, it was he, who, more than anyone else, saw the need, not only for a more adequate catalogue of Peirce's papers than existed at the time but also for the preservation of the papers themselves. So two projects cataloguing and microfilming were joined and brought to completion under his watchful eye.
This catalogue would not have been possible had it not been for the generosity of the Department of Philosophy of Harvard University, not only for consenting to and encouraging the cataloguing project but also for contributing very substantial financial assistance along the way. Specifically, I want to acknowledge a grant for the academic year 1960-61, wich allowed me to prepare the ground for the Catalogue, and other grants which enabled me to complete the project. I want also to acknowledge my gratitude to Professors Morton G. White and Donald C. Williams, who made up the Peirce Committee of the Harvard Philosophy Department, for their cordial cooperation throughout the years I was engaged on the project; to the Department for permission to quote from the unpublished manuscripts; and to the Department, again, for its generous subsidy that cleared the way for publication of the Catalogue.
I also wish to express my gratitude to the Henry P. Kendall Foundation for a grant-in-aid which got me through one summer and to the Mount Holyoke College Grants Committee for a research grant which helped to defray the cost of preparing the manuscript for publication. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the librarians, both at Harvard and Mount Holyoke College, whose cooperation contributed to the success of this project, but in particular to Miss Carolyn Jakeman of the Houghton Library and to Dr. William Bond, its Director. I would also like to express my thanks to Leone Barron, Director of the University of Massachusetts Press, for her unfailing enthusiasm and valuable editorial advice; to several Mount Holyoke College students for help in various ways, but principally to Miss Diane Goldberg for her help in connection with Appendix II and the General Index; and finally to my wife for her help at different stages in the preparation of the Catalogue.

South Hadley, Massachusetts RICHARD S. ROBIN June, 1967

INTRODUCTION

It had been evident for some time that an updated catalogue of the Charles S. Peirce Papers was needed, one which would survey the whole Collection, making as widely available as possible a detailed statement of what it contained and answering, so far as possible, the questions scholars raise, including those about the date of manuscripts and their relation to published versions. Indeed the manuscripts and correspondence are so voluminous and unwieldy that it is virtually impossible for anyone to deal with them successfully without benefit of the orientation which a catalogue of the kind envisioned would provide. Moreover, as the prospects of a microfilm edition of the Peirce Papers increased, so did the need for an adequate catalogue, which would reflect an orderly arrangement of the Papers and assist the users of a microfilm edition.
The catalogue which was finally produced is imperfect. It is imperfect because of the frequency of error in what already has been done. More importantly, it is imperfect because of what has not been done; that is, much remains to be done by way of identifying and describing, piecing together scattered fragments, assigning dates to undated manuscripts and letters, and the like. But, imperfect as this catalogue is, it is better than none at all, and all of us who contributed to it recognized that the needs for a comprehensive catalogue now outweighed the advantages of indefinite delay.

ORGANIZATION OF THE CATALOGUE

As noted in the Preface, the Catalogue is divided into two parts. The first part consists of manuscripts and related material; the second part comprises the correspondence, both Peirce's and the correspondence of others. The organization of the correspondence presented no special problems, but the organization of what may be called the "subject matter" part of the Catalogue was another story, and a brief word concerning the problems encountered and the principle of organization finally adopted is in order.
Of the two alternative ways of organizing a man's papers chronologically and by content neither way, in spite of the obvious advantages of each, was easily adapted to the Peirce Collection. Consider the following problems. If the decision is made to order by chronology, what then does one do with the large quantity of undated papers? (Less than half of the 1,644 catalogue entries are dated and of the dates not supplied by Peirce
himself many are conjectural.) Moreover one would have to expect that some of the material would be cut up rather badly as in those instances where Peirce comments on earlier articles. By virtue of temperament and other needs, Peirce can be described as just as Henry James had been an inveterate "revisionist." His tendency to rework drafts of articles and books left future editors of his manuscripts with the problem of unscram-bling the various drafts, which, in some cases, had been written years apart.
Consider now the problems resulting from a decision to order the manuscripts by content. How does one handle Peirce's many digressions? Even more significant perhaps is the problem inherent in schemes that emphasize content; namely, the risk one runs of either imposing too much order or not enough order. Organization is rarely innocent, and the greater the organization the greater the risk that one's bias or interpretation will get in the way of a clear presentation of what there is. However, if one chooses to "play it safe" by arranging the manuscripts as much as possible according to content, thereby achieving a spectrum of sorts, and only then drawing the lines at the more palpable breaks, the results will tend to be nondescript. Finally, as was pointed out to me, if an index were eventually prepared, it would cancel out the need for ordering by content in the first place.
A compromise between ordering by chronology and by content seemed called for. But what compromise? One answer was provided by Boler who, at one point, submitted a plan to the Harvard Philosophy Depart-ment which seemed perfectly reasonable and promising. His plan in-volved six steps: (X) following Burks's bibliography of Peirce's published works (Collected Papers, Vol. VIII, pp. 260-321), locate and file the man-uscripts for each entry; (2) place alternative drafts (and identifiable fragments) with above; (3) from the remaining unpublished material, file what is alike in content with above; (4) also, some of the remaining material, especially complete drafts and identifiable fragments, may be filed chronologically; (5) whenever possible, arrange what remains according to content; (6) finally, classify the remainder of unidentifiable fragments as such. Boler confessed that he became disillusioned about the idea that Steps 3 and 4 would take care of the bulk of the material. I too became disillusioned, and for the reasons Boler gave. But my difficulties with Boler's plan carried somewhat further.
Perhaps the decisive factor in the decision which was ultimately made to compromise while emphasizing content was the fact that the bulk of Peirce's philosophical and other manuscripts the "Archives" material had already been classified by content, in accordance with a scheme adopted by McMahan. The "Houghton" material which had been cata-logued independently by Boler on the basis of some other scheme was from the point of view of both quantity and quality far less significant.
It was tempting, therefore, to adopt the McMahan catalogue, with its principle of organization, incorporating the "Houghton" material as best one could. In this way, the manuscripts might be consolidated, but even more important, since consolidation might be achieved in other ways, was the amount of time and work that could be saved.
The decision to adopt Peirce's own classification of the sciences (which in effect, is what McMahan did) was clearly a practical one, but only in part. Independently there are good reasons for turning to Peirce's classi-ficatory scheme. For one thing, it has the advantage of spreading out Peirce's manuscripts in an orderly way without making the results appear nondescript and without imposing more order than is absolutely necessary. For another thing, it is Peirce's scheme, not someone else's, concocted for the occasion.
There are a number of accounts of Peirce's classificatory scheme of the sciences. In brief, his classification begins with the distinction between a theoretical and a practical science, a distinction based upon the difference of two interests the theoretical interest in attaining knowledge for its own sake and the practical interest in attaining knowledge for the sake of something else. The theoretical branch of science is subdivided into (a) the sciences of discovery and (b) the sciences of review, with the latter dependent upon the former, since review implies the review of something which, in this case, is the information provided by the various sciences of discovery. Indeed, Peirce's own studies in classification are subsumed under (b), as one might expect.
Although Peirce did classify the practical sciences, he was chiefly con-cerned with the theoretical ones, especially those which fell under the heading "sciences of discovery" or, in other places, "sciences of research," and it is his classificatory scheme for those sciences which turned out to be most useful for our purposes. Below is one of several tabular listings from Peirce's papers.*

MATHEMATICS
PHILOSOPHY
Phenomenology, or Ideoscopy
Normative Science
Esthetics
Ethics
Logic
Speculative Grammar
Critic
Methodeutic
Metaphysics
IDIOSCOPY, or SPECIAL SCIENCE
Physics
Nomological Physics
Classificatory Physics
Descriptive Physics
Psychics
Nomological Psychics [Psychology]
Classificatory Psychics [Ethnology]
Descriptive Psychics [History]

* This particular list is taken from a manuscript placed with the Matthew Mattoon Curtis correspondence (L107). The manuscript is an incomplete draft of a philosophical autobiography prepared in response to Curtis's request for information concerning Peirce's logical and philosophical views. For a more complete account of Peirce's classificatory scheme for the sciences, see Collected Papers, Vol. I, pp. 75-137. For a good summary account, see Thomas Goudge, The Thought of C. S. Peirce (Toronto: Toronto University Press, 1950) pp. 44-50.

The above listing is for the sciences of discovery (research) only. It should also be clear that the listing is incomplete, for it fails to give the subdivisions of mathematics, metaphysics, and the idioscopic sciences, especially the last with its elaborate arrangement of suborders, families, and subfamilies.
The listing also fails to indicate the hierarchical character of Peirce's classificatory scheme. For Peirce, the sciences listed first are independent of those listed later. Or, if you like, when borrowing occurs, each science tends to borrow from those sciences which precede it in the classification. Thus, for example, in the case of the subdivisions of logic, methodeutic rests upon both critic and speculative grammar, critic upon speculative grammar alone vis a vis the divisions of logic, and speculative grammar upon neither, but only upon those sciences (ethics, esthetics, phenomenology, mathematics) which precede it in the hierarchy. Or, more generally, the mathematician, as such, working independently of the other scientists, seeking formal, not material, truth, traces out the necessary consequences of hypotheses which others, to be sure, may posit. Philosophy (all branches) is dependent upon mathematics, but takes precedence over all the special sciences, which follow it in the hierarchical scheme.
If one examines my table of contents, and observes the order in which Peirce's papers are catalogued, one will note the Catalogue's general adherence to Peirce's classificatory scheme. The Catalogue lists Peirce's mathematical works first, and attempts to deal with these works along the lines suggested by Peirce's division of mathematics into the mathe-matics of logic, of discrete series, of continua and pseudo-continua. The items listed toward the end textbooks, recreations, computations and fragments are conveniently placed there, and have nothing to do with the classificatory scheme for mathematics.
If one ignores pragmatism the next major division of the manuscripts following mathematics and concentrates on the other divisions (phe-nomenology, logic, metaphysics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geodesy, psychology, linguistics, history, sciences of review, practical science), especially the order in which they occur in the Catalogue, one ought to observe that the remainder of the Catalogue follows Peirce's classificatory scheme, although this may not be self-evident with respect to some of the divisions Why, for example, does chemistry precede astronomy, both in Peirce's scheme and in my catalogue? The reason is that chemistry falls under classificatory physics whereas astronomy falls under descriptive physics, and classificatory physics takes precedence over descriptive physics in Peirce's scheme. Again: Why does linguistics take precedence over history? The answer is that linguistics falls under classificatory psychics, and history, as already indicated, falls under descriptive psychics. Since classificatory psychics precedes descriptive psychics in Peirce's account, linguistics takes precedence over history.
This is not to say that I have slavishly followed Peirce's scheme for the classification of the sciences. As a matter of fact, a rigid adherence to Peirce's scheme is neither required nor desirable. I have followed the scheme only so far as it proved to be advantageous to do so; I have de-parted from it whenever I concluded that by adhering to it the presen-tation of the Peirce material would be hampered Indeed, if one observes closely the organization of this catalogue, one will observe the many liberties taken with Peirce's classificatory scheme, with perhaps the major liberty taken with respect to the manuscripts on pragmatism.
Pragmatism, as a division or heading, presents a special problem. As things stand, given Peirce's classificatory scheme, the manuscripts on pragmatism are out of order. They ought to be in closer proximity than they are now to the logical manuscripts. Pragmatism clearly cuts across the divisions of logic, and perhaps ought to have been subsumed under logic, that is, under one or more of its divisions. After all, did not Peirce come to the view that pragmatism is the logic of abduction? The justification for its present position in the Catalogue, as a separate division between mathematics and phenomenology, rests on the desire not to bury pragmatism among the manuscripts on logic, because of the general im-portance of pragmatism in Peirce's thought and of the lecture series or series of articles of which many of the manuscripts form an integral part.
There are other kinds of problems. One kind concerns the gaps in the Catalogue. To cite one example, Peirce's classificatory scheme calls for the ethnology of social development, one of the sciences comprising one of the many subdivisions of psychical science. The fact that there is no place or listing for it in the Catalogue means simply that none of the manuscripts of Peirce are concerned specifically with the ethnology of social development.
More serious, perhaps, is the failure of this catalogue to provide separate listings for, say, ethics or speculative grammar. But here the problem was not one of finding manuscripts which dealt specifically with ethical problems or the issues of speculative grammar. Indeed there are many such manuscripts. The problem was frequently that of separating units of larger works lecture series or series of articles or chapters in a proposed book something which this editor was reluctant to do. In such cases, the descriptions attached to catalogue entries and the general index are counted on to direct the reader's attention to subject matter for which the Catalogue provides no separate heading or listing.
Then there is the other kind of problem one runs into when dealing with classificatory schemes generally the problem of how to classify this or that relative to the scheme with which one is working. For example, does this manuscript fall under logic or mathematics? Does that manuscript belong with the manuscripts on pragmatism or somewhere else? Often it is not a simple matter to decide, especially when Peirce digresses and when the digression becomes the most significant feature of the manuscript. Sometimes, usually in the case of notebooks, two quite different articles are begun, which forces the editor to decide their relative importance, with the ever present possibility of judgmental error. When confronted with problems of this kind, I have again counted on my descriptions to call attention to anomalies and the general index to bring similar but widely separated material together.
Finally, there are the outright mistakes. One of these will serve as an example. There is no excuse for separating MSS. 314 and 316, since MS. 316 continues MS. 314. In this case the error was discovered only after the microfilming of the manuscripts was completed. Undoubtedly there are errors of this and other sorts which have yet to be discovered. Work on the Catalogue proceeded on the expectation that errors, both of commission and omission, would be made; it also proceeded in the hope that these errors, when discovered, would be reported and collected, and then, in one way or another, made available to users of this catalogue.

THE FORM OF THE CATALOGUE

The manuscript portion of the Catalogue differs from the correspondence portion with respect to the form employed in presenting the relevant information concerning each entry. For the manuscript portion, each entry is presented in an arrangement of six or seven parts:

1. Title
2. Abbreviated title (Mark)
3. Type of material, whether manuscript, typescript, reprint, or other
4. Publication
5. Date
6. Pagination
7. Description of content

In the Catalogue, Parts 1 and 2 (title) are separated from Parts 3-6 (physical description) which in turn are separated from Part 7 (description of content).
Peirce's titles are presented without brackets or parentheses, just as they appear in the manuscripts. Title page punctuation is retained and the original spellings have been preserved in all titles without the use of sic to indicate deviations from the norm.
The use of brackets indicates that the title has been supplied by the editor. It goes without saying that when a title has been supplied, it is always in the absence of one provided by Peirce, either because he never provided one or because the title page is missing. In defense of supplying titles may I say that it serves as a convenient way of noting a manuscript's principal content and, in many cases, the supplied title as a brief description of the contents saves space by enabling us to dispense with a formal description at the end. May I also add that the supplied titles are sometimes less misleading than the titles which Peirce himself gives. Although Peirce's titles no doubt acquaint us with his intentions, do they also acquaint us with the manuscript's contents? Certainly not in those cases where the manuscript progresses only a few pages and where Peirce's introductory reflections have little or nothing to do with the title. Or, where the manuscript digresses from the topic indicated by the title, and the digression is the manuscript's distinctive feature.
A large number of Peirce's manuscripts have no title, but some of these possess a mark which is most often found in the upper left-hand corner of the manuscript page. When the mark occurs in conjunction with a title, it frequently stands for a short or abbreviated form of the title. It becomes a matter for conjecture when there is a mark but no title. In any event the occurrence of a mark is indicated by the use of parentheses. When the manuscript possesses both a title and a mark, the procedure is to record the title first and the mark in parentheses second. When the manuscript possesses only the mark, then the mark, distin-guished from the title by the use of parentheses, serves in place of the title.
In the next parts (3-6) I was concerned with identifying the type of material, whether a manuscript or typescript, or reprint, or book, or page proof, or galley proof, or the like. I was also concerned with whether, in the case of typescripts, reprints, books, and proofs, there was any annotation or correction.
Most of the manuscripts were not published. But where publication had occurred this is noted by reference to Burks's bibliography and Fisch's two supplements. For an explanation of both Burks's and Fisch's manner of handling bibliographical references, see my explanations of conventions on p. xxvii f. The Catalogue notes whether a manuscript was published in full or in part, and where publication was in part only, precisely what part was published. The only exception to notification of publication occurs in those cases where a part, or even the whole of a manuscript, was published as part of another author's publication. For example, MS. 620 was published as an appendix to one of Fisch's articles on Peirce,* but there is no indication of this publication in the description of MS. 620. This happens to be a significant publication, but, in other cases, it was difficult to say what was and was not significant, and it did not seem worthwhile to mention every publication of this kind.
When not placed within brackets or qualified in any other way, the given date is Peirce's. As a rule one date is given and this is the date which is usually recorded on the title page or, in the case of some note-books, on the cover. Most often it is the only date. But where several dates are given, the range of dates is noted in the description.
When the date is placed in brackets, then the date, as in the case of titles, has been supplied by someone other than Peirce. Whereas I supplied the titles, various persons at different times and with varying degrees of confidence supplied the dates. When the date is placed in brackets without any other qualifying mark, then it is presumed to be accurate, derived from reliable internal evidence. A date preceded by "c." is presumed to be an accurate central locus of possible dates. A date followed by a question mark is frankly a "best guess," based on some internal evidence. When the expression "n.d." occurs, it means that for the moment not even a good guess can be made.
The pagination of a manuscript is indicated by two forms, for example, either pp. 1-5 or 5 pp. The first form signifies that the manuscript was numbered by Peirce; the second form gives the editor's count. One difficulty in determining a true page count rests with Peirce's habit of using the verso of a page of manuscript for calculations or other notes which may or may not be related to the manuscript in question. The question of whether to count a page or not sometimes proved difficult and left room for judgmental error. For additional information concerning pagination, see the guide to the use and consultation of the microfilm edition of the Peirce Papers, prepared by the Harvard University Microreproduction Service, which is reproduced in the next section of this introduction.

* See Studies in the Philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce, Second Series, edited by Moore and Robin, University of Massachusetts Press, 1964, pp. 24-29.

In 1915, a few of the manuscripts had become separated from the main Peirce Collection. These were added to the general manuscript collection of the Harvard University Library. They were catalogued separately, each with its own call number. Now that they have been restored to the Peirce Collection, their old call numbers have been added to the description for the purpose of identifying them.
In the interest of economy the content descriptions (Part 7) have been pared down to the bare essentials necessary for a clear indication of what there is. The descriptions tend to be topical rather than critical, serving more the function of an index than an analytical table of contents. Not all entries have descriptions, although bracketed titles are intended in all cases to emphasize the principal content of the manuscript. For the most part Peirce's own titles serve the same function. When they do not, a formal description is indicated and provided. But, in general, descriptions are provided for the important entries only, except where the lack of a description means either that, in the case of a draft of a complete or more refined version, the manuscript in question says nothing not already contained in the description of that later or refined version or contains no additional information which in the judgment of the editor is worth special notice. In any event the reader should take note of the number of pages of manuscript. If they are few, the topic or topics indicated by the title or by the formal description may not be very well developed.
Throughout the manuscript portion of the Catalogue, although occurring infrequently, are entry numbers for which there are no manuscripts, as distinct from those entries where a manuscript exists but is missing. These "holes" were created by the fast that the manuscripts which were originally there have been recombined with other manuscripts and that this was done after the completion of the microfilming. Rather than renumber, the entry numbers were retained, but left blank. The "holes" may even have a use someday. They might conveniently serve as the means of slipping new Peirce material into the collection, if such material is ever uncovered.
The correspondence constitutes the last portion of the Catalogue and is divided into four parts: the Charles S. Peirce correspondence, which contains all of Peirce's letters, both those he wrote and those he received; the Juliette Peirce correspondence, which contains all of Juliette Peirce's correspondence, except such correspondence as involves Peirce jointly and which was, for this reason, placed with his correspondence; the family correspondence, which consists of correspondence among members of Peirce's family but which does not involve Peirce or his wife Juliette directly; and miscellaneous correspondence.
The form adopted for the correspondence is the simplest possible one. For the Charles S. Peirce correspondence, the correspondents are listed alphabetically, the number of letters and letter drafts noted, and, when these are dated, the dates recorded, except when more than three of them are involved and when more than three are dated, in which case only the first and last dates are given. Where dates were lacking, an attempt was made to supply them, the procedure here being the same as for the manuscripts. Supplied dates appear in brackets, with or without "c." and with or without question marks. The remaining parts of the correspondence follow the form of the first part.
The division of the Catalogue into two parts manuscripts (or, as sometimes represented, subject matter) and correspondence is a bit misleading insofar as it suggests that no correspondence is to be found in the first part and nothing which is classifiable as subject matter is to be found in the second part. On the contrary, an occasional letter draft may be found among the manuscripts; these were filmed with the manuscripts and all but those which appear on the versos of manuscript pages were subsequently placed with the correspondence, once it became clear that they belonged there. Not all of Peirce's correspondence is personal and business correspondence. There is much which can be described as professional, so much so that if the first few pages and the last were set aside, the remainder could easily be mistaken for manuscript material. Indeed, this is the principal reason why some correspondence was originally placed with the manuscripts.
Finally, a word about the four appendices. Appendix I is a supplement to my catalogue descriptions necessitated by certain discrepancies between the descriptions and what is contained in the microfilm edition of the Peirce Papers. (See the following section of this introduction for an explanation of the discrepancies and the manner of handling them.) Appendix II is a chronological listing of Peirce's manuscripts. It is hoped that this listing can be expanded some day, as scholars are able to date more of Peirce's manuscripts. Appendices III and IV are cross-reference tables. Appendix III is a cross-reference table from Burks's bibliography to my catalogue entries and Appendix IV, from McMahan's catalogue to mine. Anyone who so desires can set out from the Collected Papers and reach my catalogue entries through the intermediary of Burks's bibliog-raphy. See Burks's cross-reference index, pp. 325-330 of Vol. VIII of the Collected Papers.

THE MICROFILM EDITION

Two Peirce projects cataloguing and microfilming were linked almost from the beginning. The need for a new catalogue was evident; but so was the need to microfilm Peirce's manuscripts and correspondence, for the physical condition of Peirce's papers was a matter of grave concern. Although the entire collection is now kept in the Houghton Library, where temperature and air control give the papers the best chance for survival, it was feared that even with slightly more handling, given normal wear and tear, the deterioration of the papers would be rapid and alarming. With interest in Peirce mounting and with the expectation that the demand for consulting his papers would most likely increase in the years ahead, it was urged that steps be taken to microfilm them, or at least as much of them as there were funds for.
The success of the microfilming project depended in part on achieving a new arrangement of the Peirce Papers, one which would incorporate the efforts of the past, but would yield a single numerical sequence. With the present catalogue, the numbered sequence was achieved. This permitted the microfilming of Peirce's manuscripts, with all of its advantages of preserving the original manuscript collection from the wear and tear of handling, of providing a record which might serve in place of any parts of the collection that might from time to time be lost, stolen, or destroyed, and finally of making the manuscripts readily available to scholars in all parts of the world.
There are some discrepancies between what was microfilmed and my catalogue descriptions. These are few considering the number of catalogue entries and the principal reason that there are any at all is that errors were discovered in the Catalogue before it was printed but only after the microfilming of the manuscripts was completed. Apart from a major change or two and some minor ones, the microfilm was left un-touched, mainly because of the expense involved in any extensive alteration. An asterisk placed before the catalogue entry number of the manuscript indicates that a discrepancy exists and directs attention to Appendix I "A Supplement to the Catalogue Descriptions."
A short guide to the use and consultation of the microfilm edition was prepared by the Harvard University Library Microreproduction Service in the Fall of 1964. For the benefit of those who will be working with the film and for the additional information concerning the manuscripts themselves, I reproduce the guide here.

This microfilm possesses some apparently anomalous features with which the reader ought to be acquainted to facilitate its use. The major part of the film's unusual features originates in the author's manner of composition.
First it was the author's usual practice to write on one side only of the paper. Less than 5% of the material in this microfilm contained writing on the verso of the page. In the notebooks, Peirce usually wrote only on the recto pages; accordingly, to spare unnecessary expense, only those pages of the notebooks actually bearing text have been filmed. This accounts for the fact that notebooks appear to have been filmed in irregular fashion, sometimes as a single spread and sometimes as a double spread. A similar situation prevails with the material written on loose sheets. In a few instances, both with the notebooks and the loose sheets, Peirce used the opposite sides to make routine calculations, some related and some unrelated to the main body of the work. In most instances, these routine calculations have not been filmed. Where there was doubt about routineness or where the calculations were other than ordinary arithmetic, such material was microfilmed. Some of these data may thus appear to interrupt the normal sequence of the manuscript.
Another unusual feature concerns pagination. The manuscripts fol-low four schemes of pagination: (X) unpaged, (2) either even-numbered or odd-numbered, (3) normal, and (4) iterated pagination. The re-peated pagination almost always occurs in the notebooks when Peirce was constructing a draft If he was dissatisfied with his first draft of page 1, he would go on to the next page, number it also "page 1,'' and continue with his revision until satisfied that he could carry on with page 2, and so on It is not uncommon for a page number to be thus repeated for four or five consecutive drafts before the next sequential number.
Odd-numbered pagination only is common in the notebooks. Evi-dently this was Peirce's way of indicating his consciousness that he was using only the rectos, or perhaps he was saving the versos for cor-rections or changes. In a few instances, an explanatory target accom-panies each frame of film and states that no pages are missing.
Unpaged material has been placed in sequence insofar as this was ascertainable by the editors, and, of course, insofar as the actual pages were available.
At the end of a numbered sequence of pages, there will occasionally be found a miscellany of pages consisting of broken runs or isolated pages surviving from other drafts.
Another unusual condition arises from Peirce's practice of starting some notebooks from the front, and upon reaching the center, turning the notebook upside down and beginning anew from the "back." Sometimes the separate contents of such notebooks may be unrelated although they occupy the same physical and bibliographic unit; in other instances, after the notebook was turned upside down, the same material was continued. This condition prevails in little used as well as in full notebooks. Rather than inconvenience the reader of the film with upside down images or reversed pages sequences, all such material has been filmed for normal reading sequence. In each case a notice explaining this situation is filmed at the beginning, the center, and the "end" of the item.
Peirce occasionally constructed from paper a physical device to be removed from a notebook and manipulated. An example is a dough-nut-like device he constructed to elucidate a point in topology. In filming devices, a first exposure has been made with the device in place, a second with the device removed, and if necessary for clarity, a third of the device itself.
Printed editorial forms used in connection with the partial publi-cation of this material by the Harvard University Press in the Col-lected Papers have remained with the collection, and it is possible that a few of these may have been accidentally incorporated into the micro-film. These are of course not a part of the collection and should be ignored.

POSTSCRIPT

Generally speaking, a catalogue of a man's writing stands as an impersonal record of his achievement. Standing alone it seems to cry out for some kind of personal statement, a portrait of sorts, which would complement the impersonal record. Of course it is a matter of conjecture as to what kind of personal statements or portrait of himself Peirce would have appreciated. In the introduction to a catalogue a panegyric seems somehow out of place. Perhaps it would be best to let the catalogue speak for itself. The display of prodigious intellectuality, creative genius, philosophic and scientific integrity, demonstrated therein, and, for one who knows something of the frustrations and deprivations of Peirce's personal and professional life, the sense of tragedy that pervades the whole seem to me to be intellectually stimulating and, at times, profoundly moving.

ABBREVIATIONS & CONVENTIONS

A. autograph
CSPCharles Sanders Peirce
Collected PapersCollected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, 8 vols., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1931-1958.
JPJuliette Peirce
MS., MSS.manuscript(s)
n.d.no date
n.p.no place, i.e., of publication
n.yr.no year
p, pp.page(s)
PAAASProceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
rrecto
Studies in LogicStudies in Logic, By Members of the Johns Hopkins University (edited by Peirce), Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1883.
TS.typescript
vverso
vol., vols.volume(s)

Following the established practice, all references to the Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce will be handled in this manner: first the volume number is given and then, after the decimal point, the paragraph number in that volume. Thus 4.658 means Volume IV, paragraph number 658.

All bibliographical references and cross references are made with respect to Arthur W. Burks's "Bibliography of the Works of Charles Sanders Peirce," Collected Papers, Vol. VIII, pp. 260-321, and to Max H. Fisch's "A First Supplement to Arthur W. Burks's Bibliography of the Works of Charles Sanders Peirce," Studies in the Philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce, Second Series, edited by Edward C. Moore and Richard S. Robin, The University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, 1964 and to his "Second Supplement," Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society II, X (Spring 1966), pp. 51-53. Burks's bibliography is divided into three sections: General, Items from The Nation, and Miscellaneous. The first two sections are arranged primarily in chronological order; the third section is arranged alphabetically. Following the method Burks has adopted, references and cross references to bibliographical items are as follows: First the section is given, "G" for the General Section, "N" for The Nation Section, and "M" for the Miscellaneous Section. Next come the year and the number of the title under that year for sections "G" and "N"; only the item number for section "M." Thus "G-1883-4" refers to the fourth title under the date 1883 in the General section; "N-1901-3" refers to the third title under the date 1901 in The Nation section; and M-5 refers to the fifth item or name in the Miscellaneous section. Items preceded by ''sup(1)'' refer to Fisch's first supplement to Burks's bibliography; those preceded by "sup(2)" refer to Fisch's second supplement.

Part One

MANUSCRIPTS

MATHEMATICS

THE SIMPLEST MATHEMATICS

1. On the Simplest Possible Branch of Mathematics
A. MS., n.p., [c.1903?], pp. 1-9, 13, 17-33.
Brief discussion of paradisaical logic, i.e., system of logic in which only one value is supposed, provided another value (or other values) is not positively denied. The simplest kind of mathematics referred to, however, is a two-valued system of which Boole's algebra of logic is regarded as a special case. Inadequacies of Boolean algebra and some merits of secundal notation. Rules and examples for common mathematical operations in CSP's dyadic system.

2. On the Simplest Branch of Mathematics (SM)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1903?], pp. 1-2; 1-5, incomplete, with an alternative p. 5.
The pure mathematics of existential graphs, alpha and beta parts, with definitions and permissions of transformation. See MS. 512 for more of MS. 2.

3. On Dyadics: the Simplest Possible Mathematics (D)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1903?], pp. s-2, incomplete.
Intended as the first of a series of four memoirs, with plans for further memoirs on the application of mathematical theory to deductive logic. The doctrine of multitude and a working definition of "continuity." See MS. 511.

4. Sketch of Dichotomic Mathematics (DM)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1903?], pp. 1-52 (p. 25 missing), with 11 pp. of variants.
Nominal and real definitions; definition of terms, e.g., "postulate," "axiom," "corrollary," "theorem," which are employed in mathematical or geometrical demonstration; canon of demonstration. Long digression which begins with recognition of seven schools of philosophy each determined by the emphasis placed upon one or more of the following concepts: form, matter, and entelechy. The relationship of these schools to the realist-nominalist controversy, with special attention given to the Aristotelian position. The nature of signs: sign and related notions, especially form, law, habit and entelechy; sign as having its being in the power, not act, of determining matter; sign as entelechy.

5. Dichotomic Mathematics (DM)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1903?], pp. 1-4, 1-3, 2-9, 6-11, 6-8, 10, 16-7, 45-46, with 22 pp. belonging to other drafts.
Similar in content to MS. 4, but without any of the digressions.

6. [Dyadic Value System]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp.
The simplest of value systems serves as the foundation for mathematics and, indeed, for all reasoning, because the purpose of reasoning is to establish the truth or falsity of our beliefs, and the relationship between truth and falsity is precisely that of a dyadic value system.

7. On the Foundations of Mathematics (Foundations)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1903?], pp. 1-16, with 3 rejected pages; 17-19 of another draft. Mathematics as dealing essentially with signs. The MSS. below (Nos. 8-11) are drafts of this one, and all are concerned with the nature of signs.

8. On the Foundations of Mathematics (Foundations)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1903?], pp. 1-4, 3-4; 4-8 of another draft.

9. [Foundations of Mathematics]
A. MS., n.p. [c.1903?], pp. 1-5, with rejected pages. Vagueness, generality, and singularity.

10. [Foundations of Mathematics]
A. MS., n.p., [c.1903?], pp. 1-2.

11. [Foundations of Mathematics]
A. MS., n.p., [c.1903?], pp. 1-2, incomplete.

12. Notes Preparatory to a Criticism of Bertrand Russell's Principles of Mathematics (B. Russell)
A. MS., n.p., February 5, 1912, pp. 1-14.
The comments on Russell's work are as follows: ". . . true in the main" and "throughout, however, he betrays insufficient reflection on the fundamental conceptions of the subject," with the "primary difficulty . . . his not having begun with a thorough examination of the elements; . . . the ultimate analytic of thought." The major part of the manuscript concerns CSP's own analytic of thought (theory of signs).

13. On the Logic of Quantity (L of Q)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1895], pp. 1-13; 7-12, with an alternative p. 8 of another draft.
The principal questions raised are these: Why mathematics always deals with a system of quantity, what the different systems of quantity are and how they are characterized, and what the logical nature of infinity is. The relationship of logic and metaphysics to the three categories of Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness. Singular, dual, and plural fasts. Chaldean metaphysics; chaos to determinacy; the evolutionary process. Postulates of mathematical logic (pp. 7-12).

14. On Quantity, with special reference to Collectional and Mathematical Infinity (Quantity)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1895], pp. 1-34.
The nature of mathematics, pure and applied. In general, mathematics is concerned with the substance of hypotheses, drawing necessary conclusions from them; pure mathematics is concerned only with those hypotheses which contain nothing not relevant to the forms of deduction. The nature of quan-tity (real, rational, and imaginary). System of quaternions as an enlargement of the system of imaginary quantity. Possible grades of multitude. Spatial and temporal continuity. Common sense notions of continua, especially with regard to the flow of time. "Continuum" defined as "a whole composed of parts, with the parts of the whole comprising a series, such that, taking any multitude whatever, a collection of those parts can be discovered the multitude of which is greater than the given multitude." Lastly, reasons are given for thinking that continuity exists beyond the evidence afforded by our natural beliefs in the continuity of space and time.

15. On Quantity, with special reference to Collectional and Mathematical Infinity (Quantity)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1895], pp. 1-29, incomplete.
Same questions raised as in MS. 14. "Mathematics" defined, with extended comments on the divisions of the sciences.

16. On the Logic of Quantity, and especially of Infinity (Logic of Quantity)
A. MS, n.p., [c.1895], pp. 1, 5-9, 7-18, 18-20.
Several definitions of "mathematics," including Aristotle's and CSP's. Mathematical proof and probable reasoning; the system and scale of quantity; the importance of quantity for mathematics. But to grasp the nature of mathematics is to grasp the three elements, which, with regard to consciousness, are feeling, consciousness of opposition, and consciousness of the clustering of ideas into sets. Recognition of the three elements in the three kinds of signs logicians employ. An analysis of the syllogism.

17. On the Logic of Quantity (Logic of Quantity)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1895], pp. 1-9; 7-10 of another draft.
This manuscript should be compared with MS. 16, to which it bears a special similarity. See also MS. 250 where CSP defines "mathematics" as "the tracing out of the consequences of an hypothesis." Five definitions of "mathematics." Benjamin Peirce's definition found acceptable with modification. "Science" defined in terms of the activity of scientists, not in terms of its content or "truths." Probable inference and certain features of mathematical proof (pp. 7-10).

18. (Logic of Quantity)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 3-4.
Defense of a modified version of Benjamin Peirce's definition of "mathematics." Cf. MS. 78.

19. Logic of Quantity (Logic of Quantity)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-12.
Several theorems demonstrated, e.g., that every relation included under a preference is itself a preference. Solution is offered to the following problem: Required that property which a collection must have to prevent it from proceeding from any collection of which it forms a part.

20. Logic of Quantity (Logic of Quantity)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-5; 1-4, 3-5; plus a single-page table of contents ("Contents") and 3 rejected pages.
Definitions, corollaries, theorems, and problems. The theorems and problems differ from those in MS. 19.

21. Memoire sur la Logique de la Quantite. Deuxieme Partie.
A. MS., n.p., n.d.. pp. 1-16, with 5 rejected pages.
The application of the logic of relations to quantity.

22. Systems of Quantity
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 5 pp.
Definitions of "relation," "relationship," "ring-relationship," and "quantity." Systems of logical, collectional, and total quantity distinguished.

23. [Logic of Number]
TS., n.p., n.d., pp. 2-7.
A draft of G-1881-7 (for annotated reprint of, see MS. 38). Unlimited and limited discrete simple quantity.

24. The Theory of Multitude (Multitude)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1903], pp. 1-3; 3-4 of another draft.
"Multitude" defined in terms of collection, followed by a pragmatistic definition of "collection."

25. Multitude and Number (Multitude)
A. MS., G-1897-1, pp. 1-82, with rejected or alternative pages running brokenly from p. 7 to p. 71.
Most of manuscript was published (4.170-226, except 187n1) but omitted were several illustrations (pp. 21-24; 34) and several proofs of theorems, among which are the following: That the collection of possible sets of units which can be taken from discrete collections is always greater than the collection of units (pp. 12-13), that the sum of an enumerable collection of enumerable multitudes is an enumerable multitude (pp. 29-32), and that there is a vast collection of indefinitely divident relations between the units of any denumerable collection (pp. 40-54).

26. On Multitude (On Multitude)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1897], pp. 1-24, with 24 pp. of rejects and/or alternatives.
An inquiry into what grades of multitude of collections are mathematically possible. This is a logical inquiry because both a strict logica utens and the principles of logica docens are required. Collection is explained but not precisely defined. Provided are three axioms relating to collections and several theorems. The inquiry concludes with a discussion of the general method of drawing conclusions by means of the above system.

27. Considerations concerning the Doctrine of Multitude
A. MS., n.p., [c.1905-07?], pp. 1-5; 23, 24, 27, 29, 30.
The nature of definition; "collection" defined; first- and second-intentional collection.

28. [On Multitudes]
A. MS., n.p., [c.1897?], pp. 23-48.
Abnumeral collection; first, second, and third denumeral multitude; princi, secundo, and tertio post-numeral multitude. Continuity and the doctrine of limits.

29. [On Multitudes]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 10 pp.
Innumerable and inenumerable multitude. Generality and infinity.

30. Note on the Doctrine of Multitude
A. MS., n.p., [November 1903], pp. 1-6; 1-2.
Doctrine of multitude is developed in terms of dog-names and boy-names. See CSP - Josiah Royce correspondence, 11/13/03, and the CSP-E. H. Moore correspondence, 12/16/03.

31. On the theory of Collections and Multitude
A. MS., n.p., [c.1905-07?], 2 pp.; plus 1 p. (p. 2) ("Note on Collections").

32. [On Collections]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-2, incomplete.
"Collection" defined; collection and quota distinguished.

33. [On Collections and Multitudes]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 4-8.

34. [Collections and the Fermatian Inference]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 26 pp. of discontinuous fragments (nn. except for 67).

35. [Fermatian Inference]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 5 pp.

36. [Fragments on Collections]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 14 pp.

37. On the Number of Forms of Sets
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-3.
Explanation of form and formality in terms of plurality and diversity of sets. Table of formalities.

38. On the Logic of Number Reprints, G-1881-7.
One of the two reprints is annotated. Undated revisions in the form of marginal notes.

39. Logic of Number
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 18 pp.
Fundamental premises concerning number.

40. Axioms of Number
A. MS., n.p., [C.1881?], 4 pp.
Fifteen axioms (or assumptions) of arithmetic which provide a definition of "positive, discrete number" and from which, CSP thought, every proposition of the theory of numbers may be deduced by formal logic. Definitions of "addition" and "multiplication."

41. The Axioms of Number
TS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp.

42. [Cardinal and Ordinal Number]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 10 pp.

43. [Cardinal Number]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 36-38.
Mathematical calculations on the versos of these pages.

44. First Definition of Ordinals (Topics)
A. MS., G-c.1905-3 [G-1904-3], pp. 26-49, with 10 pp. of rejects and/or alternatives.
Published, in part, as 4.331-340. Omitted: an attempt to define formally a secundal system of enumeration (pp. 38-39) and a second example (pp. 46-49).

*45, [Second Definition of Ordinals]
A. MS., n.p., [1904], pp. 4-6; 19-22; and 1 p. (the number of which is missing).
Parenthetically: "As for the whole existing race of philosophers, say John Dewey, to mention a relatively superior man whom you see, why they are the sort of trash who are puzzled by Achilles and the Tortoise! Think of trying to drive any exact thought through such skulls! Royce is the only philosopher I know of real power of thought now living."

46. [Ordinals]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 6-7.
Second definition of "ordinals," and first and second ordinal definition of "addition." Also multitudinal definition of "addition."

47. Proof of the Fundamental Proposition of Arithmetic
A. MS., n.p., [1890?], pp. 1-4.
The proposition to be proved: ". . . that the order of sequence in which the things of any collection are counted makes no difference is [in] the result, provided there can be any order of counting in which the count can be completed. "

48. Numeration (Num)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-20, with 44 pp., some of which belong to different drafts but many of which are rejected pages.
Definitions of "number" and "series." The distinction between precise and definite; vague and indefinite. Abstraction, or ens rationis. In what sense can it be said that entia rationis are real? These pages were probably intended for an arithmetic.

49. An Illustration of Dynamics (Illustration)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1901-02?], pp. 1-20, with 3 pp. of variants.
Setting out from two problems of dynamics both of which require for their solution the method of infinitesimals, CSP attempts an explanation of the method of infinitesimals, which requires, in turn, an explanation of collections and multiplicity. In addition, there is a discussion of the different modes of being, followed by a discussion of the distinction between reality and existence (for the purpose of showing that although nothing unreal can exist, something may be non-existent without being unreal).

50. (Attraction)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1901-02?], pp. 1-12, with a rejected p. 10.
Contents are similar to those of previous manuscript, but without the discussions of existence and reality and of collections.

NUMERICAL NOTATION AND ANALYSIS

51. On the Ways of Thinking of Mathematics (W of T)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1901-02?], pp. 1-4, with a rejected p. 3.
On the decimal and secundal systems of enumeration.

52. Notes on Numerical Notation
A. MS., n.p., [c.1910?], pp. 1-10, plus a rejected p. 2.
The notion of "elegance" in mathematics. The secundal system.

53. Secundal Computation
A. MS., n.p., [c.1912?], pp. 1-6, with 2 other attempts to write p. 2.
The notion of "elegance" in mathematics. The secundal system. Modes of reality.

54. Secundal Computation, Rules
A. MS., n.p., [early 1912], 8 pp., with 3 rejected pages; plus 1 folded sheet ("rules for addition and subtraction").
Notational explanation and accompanying statement of the rules for multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction. The extraction of square roots.

55. Computations for a Table of Secundal Antilogarithms
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 2-4.

56. Calculation of I.V.I. and Secundal Expression
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-2; plus a folded sheet ("Calc. of Table of Secundal Logarithms").

57. Essay on Secundal Augrim (SA)
A. MS., n.p., [c. February 1905?], pp. 1-9.
Dedicated to James Mills Peirce and concerned with the same material as MS. 54.

58. Secundal Augrim
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.
Calculation of fundamental antilogs by additive method. Calculation of (10)01.

59. Secundal Augrim. Calculation of 10-01 by additive method continued
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

60. Secundal Augrim. Sheet 1
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

61. Secundal Numerical Notation (Secundals)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-12, with variant pages 7 and 9.
The four distinguishing characteristics of the system of secundals. CSP's version of the secundal system, with its several rules and examples of their application.

62. [Notes on Secundal Numeration]
A. MS., n.p., [c.1905?], 1 p., with 64 pp. of secundal calculations.

63. [Secundal Notation Employed in Finding Factors]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 11 pp.

64. Notes for my treatise on Arithmetic
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.
Mostly on secundals. Versos contain calculations pertinent to pendulum experiment, and two of these pages are dated Paris 1876.

65. The Binary Numerical Notation
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-2; 1-2 ("The Binary System of Numerical Notation").

66. Mathematics as it is to be treated in my Logic treated as Semiotics
A. MS., n.p., [c.1892-94?], pp. 1-5.
Binary system of notation.

67. Sextal Numeration
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.
Transformation of an integer from decimal or sextal to secundal expression and back again to the decimal expression. Synthemes.

68. Note on a Series of Numbers (Series)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1903?], pp. 1-12, with variants (pp. 7, 8-12).
The series investigated is that whose first two dozen members are 2 S 3 S 3 S 4 S 5 S 5 S 4 S 5 S 7 S 8 S 7 S 7 S 8 S 7 S 5 S 6 S 9 S 11 S 10 S 11 S 13 S 12 S 9 S 9 S

69. Numerical Equations
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 folded sheet (2 pp.).
Method of getting all the roots when their moduli are all different.

70. Analysis of some Demonstrations concerning definite Positive Integers (N)
A. MS., G-1905-6, pp. 1-20, with 50 pp. of variants and notes.
See notes for an explanation of existential graphs. The versos of some pages contain notes for dictionary. In addition there is a draft of a letter in reply to an advertisement appearing in the New York Herald.

71. Of the Unordered Combinations of Six Things (6 Things)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1899], pp. 1-8.
The symmetrics of combinations of six things.

72. On the Combinations of Six Things
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

73. A Problem of Trees
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 4 pp. (incomplete or unfinished).
The problem for which a solution is offered is to find how many distinct forms there are for a row of a given number of letters (separated into two parts by a punctuation mark, and each part not consisting of a single letter into two parts by a subordinate punctuation mark, and so on until all letters are separated).

*74. On the Number of Dichotomous Divisions: a problem in permutations
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-10 (p. 7 missing); plus 17 pp. of another draft.
In the calculus of logic, a proposition is separated by its copula into two parts. The two parts may again be separated in a like manner, and so on indefinitely. One may inquire how many such propositional forms with a given number of copulas there are. Similar problem in algebra.

ALGEBRA

75. Notes on Associative Multiple Algebra
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 23 pp.
"The main proposition of this note was presented to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, May 11, 1875; and is published in the Proceedings of the Academy on p. 392." It is clear that this manuscript and the following two (76 and 77) belong together. See G-1875-2 and 3.150-151.

76. II. On the Relative Forms of the Algebras
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-7.
A draft of G-1881-10 (Addendum 2).

77. III. On the Algebras in which division is unambiguous
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 8-14.
A draft of G-1881-10 (Addendum 3).

78. Notes on B. Peirce's Linear Associative Algebra (LAA)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-5.
A defense of Benjamin Peirce's definition of "mathematics": Six possible objections noted and countered. Cf. G-1881-10 and MS. 18.

79. Nilpotent Algebras
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.
Double and triple algebras.

80. Nilpotent Algebras
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 3 pp.

81. Notes on the Fundamentals of Algebra
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp.
Copula. Ligations, both simple and branching.

82. On the Application of Logical Analysis to Multiple Algebra
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1, 3-4.
See G-1875-2.

83. Index to Jordan's "Substitutions"
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 8 pp.

84. [Algebraical Problems]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 3 pp.
Drafts of corresponding pages of MS. 165.

85. An Algebraical Excursus
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-2.

86. On the Quadratic Equation (QE)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-5.
On the real, equal, or imaginary roots of quadratic equations.

87. Rough Sketch of Suggested Prolegomena to your [i.e., James Mills Peirce's] First Course in Quaternions
A. MS., n.p., [c.1905?], pp. 1-20, 16-19, 17-26, and 20 pp. of variants.
The mathematician's threefold task involves substituting hypotheses for less definite descriptions of real or imaginary states of affairs, then developing a point of view for making those hypotheses as comprehensible as possible, and finally employing that point of view for the purpose of solving problems. Mathematical theory is the discovery of methods of treating a broad class of problems from one general point of view. Quaternions as a particular theory of tridimensional space. Analysis of spatial and temporal relations. Listing Numbers.

88. Quaternions Applied to Probabilities
A. MS., n.p., [1860's, early 1870?] 1 folded sheet (4 pp.).

89. Quaternions Theory of Functions
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 7 pp.

90. [Quaternions]
A. MS., n.p., [c.1876], 2 pp.
Quaternion algebra. Hamilton's and Benjamin Peirce's forms interpreted geometrically.

CALCULUS OF FINITE DIFFERENCES

91. A Treatise on the Calculus of Differences (Calc. Diff.)
A. MS., n.p., [1903-04?], pp. 1-25, with twice as many pages from other drafts.
For "calculus of differences" CSP preferred "calculus of successions." He planned to divide treatise into four parts, but the manuscript only gets into the first part which, treating the subject generally without regard to the na-ture of known quantities, is occupied mainly with equations of differences. The distinction between logical and mathematical functions. Features of mathematical functionality. Definitions of "value," "universe of values." "quantity." Notational rules.

92. Note on the Notation of the Calculus of Finite Differences (NFD)
A. MS., n.p., [1903-04?], pp. 1-4.
The calculus of finite differences and the differential calculus compared, especially with respect to the notion of function.

93. Calculus of Finite Differences
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-2, with 2 pp. (of two other starts); 1 p. ("The Logic of Finite Differences"); 3 pp. ("Equations of Finite Differences"); a notebook ("Promiscuous Notes").
The notebook from p. 17 onward is devoted to Boole's Finite Differences and related topics (Tagalog is the major subject of the first part of notebook).

BRANCHES AND FOUNDATIONS OF GEOMETRY

94. New Elements of Geometry by Benjamin Peirce, rewritten by his sons, James Mills Peirce and Charles Sanders Peirce.
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-6, 1-4 ("Preface"), 2 pp. ("Nota Bene"), pp. 1-398, (pp. 7, 31-33, 35, 69-70, 74-76, 78, 92-94, 166-168, 175, 182-183, 235 missing), with pp. xvi, xvii, xviii, xix, and pp. 37-150 from Benjamin Peirce's Plane and Solid Geometry mounted and ready for revision.
Rewritten are books II-V concerned with the fundamental properties of space, topology, graphics, metrics.

95. [The Branches of Geometry; Ordinals]
A. MS., notebook, G-1904-3 and sup(1) G-c.1905-3, pp. 1-34.
An address delivered to the National Academy of Sciences. There is no indication of publication under G-1904-3, but this is G-c.1905-3 which is a mistake. see sup(1) G-c.1905-3.

*96. [The Branches of Geometry; Existential Graphs]
A. MS., n.p., [c.1904-05?], 11 pp.

97. [The Branches of Geometry]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 9-16, with 5 pp. of variants.

98. The Axioms of Geometry
A. MS., n.p., [c.1870-71?], 2 pp., with 3 pp. of other starts.

99. The Axioms of Geometry. Attempt at enumerating them
A. MS., n.p., [c.1875-76], l p.

100. First Attempt at a Geometry Logically Correct
A. MS., notebook, n.p., September 21, 1874.

101. [Six Fundamental Properties of Space]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp.
CSP's intention is to explain imaginaries in a new way, bringing them into the orbit of synthetic geometry by means of the principle of continuity.

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

102. Promptuarium of Analytic Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 5 pp. and 4 pp. of different drafts.

103. Syllabus of Plane Analytic Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 5 pp.

104. On Real Curves
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-5, with variant p. 4.

105. On Real Curves. First Paper
A. MS., n.p., n.p., n.d., 13 pp.

*106. Four Systems of Coordinates
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 16 pp.

EUCLIDEAN AND NON EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY

107. Synopsis of Euclid
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp.

108. [Euclid's Elements; Properties of the Number 2; the Meaning of "Rational"]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-4.

109. Pythagorean Triangles (Pyth. Tri)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1901?], pp. 1-4.

110. Note on Pythagorean Triangles
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

111. Formulae for Plane Triangles
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 sheet.

112. Notes on Klein Icosahedron
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 12 PP.

*113. Icosahedron (Icosahedron)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 16 pp.

114. On Hyperbolic Geometry (Hyp. Geom)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1901?], pp. 1-6, 16-20, with rejected pages.
Formulae required for the projection of the hyperbolic plane upon the Euclidean. Definitions of "individual," "independence of individuals," and "collection." Fundamental theorem of multitude. (Cantor's demonstration of this theorem is thought to be fallacious.)

115. Newton's Enumeration of Cubic Curves
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 7 pp.
Hyperbolic geometry.

116. Brocardian Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

117. The Non-Euclidean Geometry made Easy
A. MS., G-undated-7, pp. 1-8.
Published, in part, as 8.97-99. Unpublished (pp. 3-8). Denial of either the first or second of the two "natural propositions," noted in that part of manuscript which was published, leads to a non-Euclidean geometry. Both of the corresponding kinds of non-Euclidean geometry are intelligible, and a consideration of plane geometry will suffice to show this.

118. Reflections on Non-Euclidean Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-5.

119. Non-Euclidean Geometry
A. MS., n.p., [c.1883 or later], 1 p. and 1 p. ("Notes on Non-Euclidean Geometry") .
The purpose of this memoir is to find some way of treating geometry metrically by introducing the absolute synthetically. The attempt is restricted to plane non-Euclidean geometry: "Solid non-Euclidean geometry is a trifle too hard for me."

120. The Elements of Non-Euclidean Geometry. Preface
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 3 pp., plus 3 pp. which may be part of the same draft.

121. [On Non-Euclidean Geometry]
A. MS., G-undated-6, pp. 2-11; plus 4 pp. of an earlier draft.
Probably manuscript of an address to the New York Mathematical Society, November 24, 1894. Published, in part, as 8.93 n2. Was Euclid a non-Euclidean geometer? Probably! Properties of space. Evidence for thinking there is an absolute which is a real quadric surface. Newton's argument that space is an entity and its bearing on non-Euclidean Geometry. On back of p. 11: "Professor Fiske" [i.e., Thomas S. Fiske].

122. Non-Euclidean Geometry. Sketch of a Synthetic Treatment
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 32 pp. (several attempts with different titles).

123. Lobachevski's Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 3 pp.

124. Formulae
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.
Notes on non-Euclidean geometry, existential graphs, and Laurent's probabilities. Solution of quadratic equation. The "formulae" of the title refers to trigonometrical formulae and formulae of analytic geometry.

PROJECTIVE GEOMETRY

125. Geometry. Book 1. Projective Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-4.
Definitions: Geometry, Body, Surface, Line, Point.

126. A Geometrico-Logical Discussion
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-10, with 28 pp. of other drafts.
Four-ray problem (How many rays cut four given rays?) as offering best apercus into nature of projective geometry. The impossibility of exact ideas, even in mathematics. Idea of a person; idea of a species of animal. Reality and entia rationis. Brief note on verso of one of the pages is dated September 16, 1906, and reads as follows: "11 1/4 P.M. Fell asleep standing and dreamed something about a tablet in a church In memory of my mother."

127. [Fragments on Projective Geometry]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 61 pp.

128. [Mathematical Notion of Projection]
Amanuensis, with corrections in CSP's hand, n.p., n.d., pp. 11-12.

METRICAL GEOMETRY

129. Metrical Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-39, with variant pages, and 155 pp. of other drafts.
Drafts for MS. 94 or 165. Foundations of linear and angular measurement. Signate, imaginary and quaternional measurement. Concept of a metron. Definitions, theorems, and demonstrations.

130. Metrical Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 27 pp.
Drafts for MS. 94 or 165. On the nature of spatial measurement.

131. [Metrical Geometry]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 12 pp.
Drafts for MS. 94 or 165. On propositions holding true for all kinds of systems of measurement.

132. Plan of Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 28 pp.

133. [Metrical Geometry]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1, 14-l5, 17-19
Much of the content, however, is projective geometry which is thought of as requisite for metrics.

134. [Metrical Geometry]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 27-39, plus 4 pp. of variants.
Drafts for MS. 94 or 165.

135. [Metrical Geometry]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 56-62, plus a variant p. 58.
Drafts for MS. 94 or 165.

136. [Metrical Geometry]
A. MS., G-undated-12 (Space), 1 p.

TOPICAL GEOMETRY

137. Topical Geometry (Topics)
A. MS., n.p., [1904], pp. 1-29, plus a confusion of partial drafts with pages running as high as p. 40, but with no continuous or final draft.
It is not evident that the title page goes with rest of the manuscript, which was written for Popular Science Monthly. The branches of geometry and their mutual relations. The branches of topics. Topics presupposes time, and time presupposes the doctrine of multitude. The topical properties of time; the hypothetically defined time of topics a true continuum; true continuity opposed to the pseudo-continuity (of the calculus). Instances of time, with the multitude of instances defined with the aid of the secundal system of enumeration. Points as possibilities, not actualized until something occurs to mark them. The dividing point between green and white is both green and white. Law of contradiction does not apply to potentialities. Census Theorem, Census Number, and Listing Numbers. On general words (signs).

138. Analysis of Time
A. MS., notebook, n.p., begun c.1904-05 with two entries dated August 13, 1908.
Four given rays may be crossed by how many rays? The analysis of the Four-ray problem requires a consideration of continuity which in its primitive, i.e., simple, sense has the form of time. Time as a determination of actuality (later see annotation CSP dissents). Definition of terms, e.g., instant, gradations. "I will not take up more of this book with the subject of discrete quantity But I refer to a similar book labelled 'All Pure Quantity merely ordinal' [MS. 224] for more about it."

139. On synectics, otherwise called Topology or Topic
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 4 pp., incomplete.
Synectics as the science of spatial connections; pure synectics as the science of the connection of the parts of true continua.

140. A Treatise on General Topics (General Topics)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-4, plus 1 p., dated December 26, 1913, on what it means to say that a line is continuous.

141. On Topical Geometry, in General (T)
A. MS., G-undated-12, pp. 1-14, 4-8, 4-7, 5-7, 5, 9, 13.
Published, in part, as 7.524-538, except 534n4 and 535n6. Omitted from publication is a discussion of the Kainopythagorean Categories centering in the view that there are but three and that there can be no element in experience not included in the three.

142. Notes on Topical Geometry
A. MS., G-undated-16 [c.1899-1900?], 6 pp., plus 2 pp. each of two other drafts having the same title as above.
Published, in part, as 8.368n23. Omitted from publication are definitions of "thing" and "collection," and a discussion of signs, especially icon, index, and symbol.

143. Topic (Topic)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-4.
Point-figures and line-figures.

144. On General Topic (Topic)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-3, incomplete.
General and special topic distinguished. Properties of a continuum.

*145. An Attempt to state systematically the Doctrine of the Census in Geometrical Topics or Topical Geometry, more commonly called "Topologie" in German books; Being A Mathematical-Logical Recreation of C. S. Peirce following the lead of J. B. Listing's paper in the "G^ttinger Abhandlungen"
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 12 pp.

146. On Space-Logic
A. MS., n.p., November 13, 1895, pp. 1-2 (with a second p. 2), incomplete.
Notation. Topical singularity of a line.

147. On Space-Logic
A. MS., n.p., November 14, 1895, 1 p.
Notation only.

148. Topics of Surfaces
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

149. Ch. 2. Topical Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.
Definitions of "space," "place," "point," "particle," "line," "filament," "surface," "film," "solid," "body."

150. [Topical Geometry]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 45 pp.
Draft of MS. 94 or 165. Also material on graphics (projective geometry).

151. Topics. Chapter I. Singular Systems
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 3 pp.
Firstness, or qualities, are positive albeit vague determinations. Vagueness and generality discriminated.

152. Section 4. Of Topical Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 6-12; 7-8.
Kinds of multitude: numerable, innumerable, enumerable, inenumerable.

153. On the Problem of Coloring a Map (4 Colors)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-17, plus variants.

154. On the Problem of Map-Coloring and on Geometrical Topics, in General (MC, PMC, Map)
A. MS., n.p., [1899-1900], pp. 1-10, plus variants and many other attempts (82 pp. in all), none going beyond p. 10.
The problem of map-coloring is stated as follows: "To determine demonstratively the smallest number of colors that will suffice so as to color any map whatever which can be drawn on a given surface, that no two confine regions (that is, two regions having a common boundary-line) shall have the same color." See CSP W. E. Story correspondence, 12/29/00.

155. Studies in map Coloring as Starting-point for Advance into Geomet-rical Topics
A. MS., notebook, n.p., [c.1897-1900?].
The first part of the notebook, the date of which is c.1870, deals with physical constants.

156. Map Coloring Vol. IV
A. MS., small notebook, n.p., n.d., plus another notebook ("Map Coloring Vol. V"), n.p., n.d.
Study of the Census Number.

157. [Link Coloring]
A. MS., n.p., [c.1897-1900?], 16 pp.
In how many ways, with c colors, can a simple chain of 1 links be colored, no two adjacent links being colored alike? In how may ways, with c + l colors, can a simple chain of I + l links be colored so that all adjacent links are colored differently?

158. [Fragments on Map-Coloring]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 32 pp. and 3 pp.

159. Notes on Listing
A. MS., n.p., [1897?], pp. 1-7.

160. A Study of Listing Numbers (Listing Numbers)
A. MS., n.p., February 3, 1897, pp. 1-5, plus 1 p. which apparently belongs here.

161. [Listing Numbers; The Census-Number; The Census Theorem]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 5 pp.

162. [Fragments on Listing Numbers and the Census-Number]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 8 pp.

163. [Topology; Real Curves; Astronomy; Archeology; Assorted Mathematical Notes]
A. MS., notebook, n.p., 1895 (p. 45 is dated July 1895).

MATHEMATICAL TEXTBOOKS

164. New Elements of Mathematics
A. MS., n.p., [c.1895], title page and 2 pp. ("Preface").
An introduction to a book which is designed to give the educated man all the mathematics he needs to know and which could serve as preparation for the study of higher mathematics. Brief account of the recent history of mathematics, followed by an examination of the branches of geometry.

165. Elements of Mathematics
A. MS., n.p., [c.1895], pp. 1-357 (pp. 61, 77, 93, 213, 259-273, 276-294 missing), with 23 pp. of a well-detailed "Table of Contents" and "Subject Index" and 18 pp. of another draft of Article 2, Scholium 2, of Chapter I.
Chapter I "Introduction" (pp. 1-39): Elementary account of the nature of mathematics; analysis of the game of tit-tat-too as an illustration of the process of deducing the consequences of hypotheses; definitions and the etymology of important terms. See MS. 1525 for possible early drafts of some of this material. Chapter II "Sequences" (pp. 40-76, with p. 61 missing): Sequences, both simple and complex. Chapter III "The Fundamental Operations in Algebra" (pp. 78-92, with pp. 77 and 93 missing): Fundamental operations in algebra; explicit and implicit functions; functions of several variables. Chapter IV "Factors" (pp. 94-106): Parts, divisors, and factors; prime factors; greatest common divisor of several numbers; multiples, dividends, and products; least common multiple; fundamental theorem of composition. Chapter V "Negative Numbers" (pp. 107 116): Definition and historical data. Chapter VI "Fractional Quantities" (pp. 117-130): Rational number explained; the system of rational numbers as including the values of all rational fractions except o/o. Chapter VII "Simple Equations" (pp. 131-173): Solution of linear equations; systems of simultaneous equations. Chapter VIII "Ratios and Proportions" (pp. 174-188): Ratios, proportions, anharmonic ratio. Chapter IX "Surds" (pp. 189-222, with p. 213 missing): Possibility and importance of surds; definition of "limit"; Achilles and the tortoise (p. 196); imaginary quantities; exercises and problems. Chapter X "Topical Geometry" (pp. 223-275, with pp. 259-273, 276-293 missing): Topical geometry explained; continuum; homo-geneity; tridimensionality of space; singularities; topical classes of surfaces; the topical census. Long footnote on the intelligibility of infinitesimals. Chapter XI "Perspective" (pp. 294-357): Graphics; homoloidal system of plates; dominant (optical) homoloids; projection; Desarques' Ten-Line theorem; the Nine-Ray theorem.

166. Elements of Mathematics
A. MS., n.p., [c.1895], pp. 44-320, with many gaps and variant pages.
Another draft of MS. 165.

167. Practical Arithmetic

A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-29 (pp. 26-27 missing), plus 2 pp.
Maxims for attaining accuracy and speed in handling numbers. Counting and measuring. The decimal names of numbers. The arabic notation.

168. Practical Arithmetic
TS. (corrected), n.p., n.d., 21 pp. of two drafts.

169. Factotal Augrim (A) (B)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-18 (A), 5-18 (A), plus variants; 1-4 (B).
Terminology: augrim, arithmetic, vulgar arithmetic, practical arithmetic, ciphering, and algorithm. Elementary and composite augrims. On number, including a long footnote on collections.

170. Rough List of Works Consulted for Arithmetic
A. MS., n.p., [1890-91?], 3 pp.

171. CSP's Small Inventions in Arithmetic and Logic
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 8 pp.
The arrangement of all the rational fractions, not negative, in the order of their values and without calculation.

172. Examples in Arithmetic
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 8 pp.

173. A System of Arithmetic
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 3 pp.
Rule for addition.

174. Rule for Division
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-28 (pp. 2, 13, 15-16, 23-26 missing), plus variants and several unnumbered pages.

175. Exercises in Arithmetic
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.

176. [Elementary Arithmetic]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 15 pp.
Rule for addition. Counting by threes, fours, fives, etc.

177. The Practice of Vulgar Arithmetic
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.
Addition, multiplication, squaring a number, solving algebraic equations, Rule of False.

178. C. S. Peirce's Vulgar Arithmetic: Its Chief Features
A. MS., notebook, n.p., [c.1890].
Draft of a book, outlining its chief features. Shortcuts in the teaching of arithmetic.

179. Peirce's Primary Arithmetic Upon the Psychological Method
A. MS., n.p-, [1893], 52 pp.
Teaching numeration. Addition. Multiplication.

180. Plan of the Primary Arithmetic
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-3.
The contents of seventeen chapters are noted.

181. Primary Arithmetic
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 31 pp.
Six lessons concerned with counting.

182. Primary Arithmetic. Suggestions to Teachers
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 12 pp.
A teaching manual on counting.

183. Mugling Arithmetic
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-2.

184. [On Counting]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 4 pp.

185. Chapter IV. Addition
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 6 pp.

186. Familiar Letters about the Art of Reasoning
A. MS., n.p., May 15, 1890, pp. 1-22, plus title page and 2 pp. (unnumbered).
In the form of a letter to Barbara (of the mnemonical verses). Card-playing as a pedagogical instrument, useful in teaching the art of reasoning.

187. [Assorted Notes for an Elementary Arithmetic]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 6 pp. (not all in CSP's hand).

188. [Introduction to Practical Arithmetic]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp.
Discussion is somewhat advanced and may not be part of a primary or vulgar arithmetic.

189. Lydia's Peirce's Primary Arithmetic
A. MS., notebook, n.p., [1904-05], with 65 pp. of drafts.
"Grandmother" Lydia teaches counting, making use of children's nonsense rhymes like "eeny-meeny-mony-meye," but pointing up the numerical limitations of gibberish.

190. [Notes on Square Roots, Long Division, Addition, Cyclic Numeration]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 9 pp.

191. [Balance and Scales]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 13 pp.
Part of a proposed book for children.

192. [On Algebra]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 2-15.
An elementary discussion possibly for a textbook.

193. Syllabus of the Elements of Trigonometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 4 pp., representing three different starts.

194. [Fragments on Trigonometry]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., over 100 pp.

195. Trigonometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-2, plus 13 pp.

196. Sketch of a Proposed Treatise on Trigonometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 20 pp.

197. Elements of Geometry
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

198. [Geometry Exercises]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 14 pp.

MATHEMATICAL RECREATIONS

199. The Third Curiosity (MM/D)
A. MS., n.p., [1907], pp. 1-76, plus 53 rejected pages.
Numeration with a base other than 10. Sextal and secundal systems. The rules of arithmetic, e.g., rule of algebraic summation and the rule of "direct division."

200. The Fourth Curiosity (MM/E)
A. MS., G-1908-1e, pp. 1-186, plus 161 pp. (running brokenly to p. 186).
Omitted from publication in the Collected Papers: further discussion of the relationships of the Aristotelian pattern; definition of "pure mathematics"; numbers as entia rationis; first valid argument for pragmatism involves the denial of the Absolute. Kind, class, and collection. Signs and predication.

201. A Contribution to the Amazes of Mathematics (MM)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1908], 210 pp., most of which are numbered with the numbered pages running as high as p. 164 (many pages missing, however).
Rationale for two card "tricks" [The First (?) and Second Curiosities]. Abstract real (not imaginary) numbers viewed pragmatistically. Cantorian system. Cyclical system of numbers. The Fourth Curiosity. Secundal arithmetic. Reference to Elements of Mathematics (MS. 165), with bitter note on publishers of textbooks.

202. Some Amazements of Mathematics (Cu)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1908], pp. 1-53, plus 26 pp. of variants.
This paper begins with an analysis of the peculiarity of the number 142857. Lengthy discussion of infinitesimals. Fermat's theorem, Polynomial theorem, Rule of "direct division." Card "trick" (same as one of the two card "tricks" of MS. 201).

203. Addition (Add)
A. MS., n.p., May 24, 1908, pp. 1-5.
Alternate draft of 4.642. Does the collective system of irrational and rational quantity constitute a continuum or a pseudo-continuum? CSP says "pseudo-continuum" as against the opinions of both Cantor and Dedekind.

204. Supplement (A)
A. MS., G-1908-1b, pp. 1-17, incomplete, with variants.
The exact date of this manuscript is May 24, 1908. It was published, in part, as 7.535n6. Unpublished: Whether mathematicians generally, including Cantor and Dedekind, are correct in their views as to what constitutes a true continuum. The three universes of ideas, i.e., arbitrary possibilities, physical things, and minds. Reality and existence; perfect and imperfect continua.

205. Recreations in Reasoning (RR)
A. MS., G-c.1897-4, pp. 1-35, plus 22 pp. probably from another draft.
Published as 4.153-169, with the proofs of several theorems omitted.

206. Recreative Exercises in Reasoning (R)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-4.
Solution of the following exercise: "Required to arrange all the rational fractions (whose denominators do not exceed a given number and whose numerators do not exceed a given number of times the denominator) in the order of their values, in a horizontal row with < or = interposed between each successive two to state their relation of value."

207. Recreations in Reasoning (R)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-24, 2-5 with one rejected page and 14 pp. of variants; plus 11 pp. of notes.
Three distinguishing marks of numerical multitude. The ordering of fractions and the simplest method for calculating circulating decimals.

208. Recreations of Reasoning (RR)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1897], pp. 1, 21, 32; and 1 p.

209. Knotty Points in the Doctrine of Chances
A. MS., n.p., [c.1899], pp. 1-16.
Problem in probabilities: mathematics of the roulette table. CSP concludes whimsically: "That in an even game, say an honest roulette without zeros, all the players might make it a rule to leave off only when they had netted a winning equal to a single bet, and were their fortunes or backing unlimited, every man of them would be sure of success, while the bank, though it would not win anything, would never lose!" Now "let U.S. lend to each citizen ..." and then allow the winnings to be taxed.

210. A Corner for Pythagoreans. Mathematical Recreations No. 1 by Pico di Sablonieri (pseudonym)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1895], pp. 1-11; plus 12 pp. and 5 pp. of other drafts.
A problem in probabilities. Content is similar to that of the preceding manuscript.

211. A Brief Preliminary and Hasty Syllabus of a book to be entitled Calculations of Chances
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 38 pp.; plus pp. 8, 11-18.

COMPUTATIONS AND FRAGMENTS

212. A Trade Secret (Trade Secret)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-4, with a variant p. 1.
The computing of values of a function from an infinite series: a dodge generally known among professional computers.

213. Notes of a Computer
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-3, plus 1 p. ("A Device of Computation") and 1 p. ("A Computer's Device").

214. Note on o(inf)
TS., n.p., n.d., 3 pp.

215. Integer Negative Powers of 2
A. MS., n.p., "checked and found correct by CSP 1911, Oct. 8," 2 pp.

216. Practical Comments on Namur's Tables of Logarithms
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

217. Calc. of Nat. Log. 10
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 sheet.

218. A Short Table of Reciprocals
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 sheet.

219. Computation of the excess of 5/10 over 1
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

220. Calculation of the fractional part of 5/10
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp.

221. Hints toward the invention of a Scale-Table
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-6; 1-3; and 9 pp. of fragments.
Table of antilogarithms and a logarithmic scale.

222. Dedekind's Dirichlet #23
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-3, plus 5 pp. of two other starts.
The object of this paper is to describe a notation which reveals clearly the elementary constitution and properties of the functions connected with the GCD algorithm.

223. Gibb's Papers. Vol. II. p. 30
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 3 pp.
Probably a draft of G-1883-5d.

224. All Pure Quantity merely ordinal
A. MS., notebook, August 16, 1908.
Notes for a memoir whose purpose is "to prove that every system of signs of abstract quantities signifies nothing but that one sign denotes an object later in one or more sequences (or later in one and earlier in another, etc.) than an object denoted by another." A study of two systems: (a) additive scheme of rational values, (b) numerative scheme of positive fractions. Ens rationis and feeling (monadic experience contrasted with dyadic experience, or "reaction").

225. Memorandum of How to Do Things
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.
Various formulae of computation. Certain kinds of problems, e.g., drawing the best algebraic curve of a given order through any number of points, finding times of moon's rising and setting, etc., and their solutions.

226. Note to p. 378 of [Benjamin] Peirce's Analytic Mechanics
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 4 pp.

227. Theorems of Numbers
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp., incomplete.

228. Notes
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 9 pp.
Distributions of the theorems of mathematics throughout the various branches of the discipline. In addition, the notes are concerned with the theory of equations, equal roots, symmetric functions, different kinds of ratios.

229. [Logic of Number] (Lefevre)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 2-7, 16, 18, 20-21.
Definition of "mathematics" as "the science of hypotheses."

230. [Analytic Geometry]
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.
Includes, in addition to the material on analytic geometry, a personal expense account, covering several days, but with no indication of the year.

231. Studies of Laws of Frequency of Occurrence of Numbers
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.
These studies are based on population figures for 1900.

232. Note on the Mouse Trap Problem
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

233. Gauss's Rule for Easter improved
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

234. [Arithmetical Calculations]
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.

235. [Fragment on Quantity]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 15-16.

236. [Fermat's Theorem]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 4 pp.
Draft of a postscript to an unidentified letter.

237. Formulae for Repeated Differentiations (Repeated Differentiations)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-2; plus 2 pp. (Dn).

238. An Apology for the Method of Infinitesimals (Apology)
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-15.
An attempt at justifying a remark (see Century Dictionary s.v. limit) that the method of infinitesimals is more in harmony with advances in mathematics (1883) than the method of limits.

239. Infinitesimals
Corrected proofs, G-1900-1.

240. A Mathematical Suggestion
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 folded sheet (4 pp.).

241. A Mathematical Discussion
A. MS., n.p., n.d., l folded sheet (4 pp.).

242. [Computation of Ordinates for Points on a Probability Curve]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

243. The Theta Function of Probabilities
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p., with 5 sheets of calculations.

* 244. [A Problem in Probabilities]
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.
Solution of algebraic problems. Venn Diagrams. Calculation of the asymptotic axis of the larger atomic weights.

245. Illustrative Problem in Probabilities
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 16 pp.

246. Reflections on the Logic of Science
A. MS., n.p., January 1-7, 1889, pp. 2-22
Evidently for a book on the philosophy of physics. The relationship between mathematics and physical theory. The Rule of False. MSS. 247-249 are presumably continuations of this one.

247. Chapter II. The Doctrine of Chances
A. MS., n.p., January 8, 1889, pp. 23-29, plus another p. 27.

248. Chapter II. Mathematics
A. MS., n.p., January 9-17, 1889, pp. 23-29.

249. Ordinal Geometry
A. MS., n.p., January 18-19, 1889, 40 pp., representing several starts.

250. Notes for Chapter of Mathematics
A. MS., n.p., November 24-25, 1901, pp. 1-4.

251. Topics of Mathematics
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

252. [On Mathematical Reasoning]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 22 pp.
Mathematical reasoning illustrated by means of the game tit-tat-too. The advantage, in general, of studying mathematics.

253. Logical Analysis of Some Demonstrations in High Arithmetic (D)
A. MS., n.p., June 11, 1905, pp. 1-20, incomplete, with an alternate p. 20.
Reference is made to a paper published in The American Journal of Mathematics (G-1881-7). Demonstrations of Fermat's and Wilson's theorems.

254. Of the Nature of Measurement
A. MS., G-undated-4, pp. 1-26, plus 6 pp. rejected.
Published, in part, as 7.280-312. Omitted are the demonstration and scholium in connection with the theorem on hyperbolic motion (pp. 13-17) and the corollary of the definition occurring on p. 21 and published as 7.312 (pp. 22-26).

255. Of the Nature of Measurement
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-8, plus variants.

256. Properties of Space
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 11 pp. (fragmentary).

257. [On the Properties of Space]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 6 pp. and 5 pp. of another draft.
The three classes of spatial properties: intrinsic, metrical, and optical.

258. [On the Properties of Mathematical Space]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp.
Space is tri-dimensional and unlimited; its points are continuous; and it has the same properties everywhere, and in all directions.

259. Note on the Analytic Representation of Space as a Section of a Higher Dimensional Space
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

260. Note on the Utility of considering Space as a Section of a Space of more than 3 Dimensions
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 4 pp.

261. Notes on Geometry of Plane Curves without Imaginaries
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-5, plus 6 pp.

262. On the Real Qualitative Characters of Plane Curves
TS., n.p., n.d., 12 pp. of several drafts.

*263. Singularities of Pairs of Terminals
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp.

264. On the Real Singularities of Plane Curves
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 9 pp.

265. Topical Singularities
A. M.S., n.p., n.d., 3 pp.

266. [Worksheets on the Nine-Ray Theorem]
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.

267. [Points, Lines, and Surfaces]
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.

268. Euclid Easy. Chapter I. A Talk on Continuity
A. MS., n.p., n.d., pp. 1-4.
An imaginary conversation between Thomas J. Jeffers and Euclid Easy, preparatory to a full scale discussion of the logic of continuity.

269. Notes for Theorems
A. MS., notebook, n.p., n.d.
Various topics are listed with reference both to standard works and other writings. Topology and the four-color problem.

270. Test-Example of Mathematical Reasoning
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 6 pp.
An inquiry which presupposes points, rays, planes, and a relation called "containing."

271. Pythagorean
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 1 p.

272. Remarkable points of a triangle
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp., and 4 pp. ("Triangle").

273. [Homoloids]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 8 pp.
Discussion of the four-ray problem.

274. The Dodecanes
A. MS., n.p., n.d., 26 pp,

275. On a Geometrical Notation
TS., n.p., n.d., 2 pp., with 2 pp. of TS. (corrected) on "Notation."

276. Miscellaneous Journal
A. MS., notebook, dated entries for February 9, 11, 14-15, 20, 25, 28, 1910.
Secundal arithmetic. Probability. Petersburg problem. Justification for asserting a proposition. Analysis of the predicate "positive." Also a draft of a letter apparently to Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont.

277. The Prescott Book
A. MS., n.p., begun May 1907 and continued June 8, 1907-September 13, 1910.
On singularities, Petersburg problem, Ten-Point theorem, continuity, existential graphs. An analysis of signs, notes on phaneroscopy, and an outline of a paper for the Hibbert Journal on "a little known 'Argument' for the Being of God."

*278. [Unidentified Fragments]
A. MS., n.p., n.d., over 1400 pp.

PRAGMATISM
THE BASIS OF PRAGMATICISM

279. The Basis of Pragmaticism. Meditation the First (Med)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1905], pp. 1-16, with variants.
Types of readers who will not profit from this critical examination of pragmaticism. The Harvard Lectures of 1903 presented the argument which finally convinced CSP of the truth of pragmaticism. The argument of 1903 restated. Discussion of the ethics of terminology contains some amusing satire. The comparative merits of English and German; English better adapted to logic than German. A great mistake to attempt to reform English by way of German expressions out of harmony with it.

280. The Basis of Pragmaticism (Basis)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1905], pp. 1-48, plus fragments.
Of the different senses of "philosophy," preference is stated for that sense in which it is synonymous with cenoscopy, i.e., the study of common experience. The need for a technical nomenclature and terminology in the idioscopic sciences. The situation in philosophy is somewhat different. Philosophy needs to admit "into its language a body of words of vague significations with which to identify those vague ideas of ordinary life which it is its business to analyze." Logical analysis is not always adequate. Examples from the history of philosophy, especially Kant and Leibniz, of irresponsibility in logical analysis. Kant's use of "necessary" and "universal." Blunders in logical analysis inevitable until proper method (pragmaticism) is adopted. Specifically, blunders result from the failure of philosophers to understand and accept the logic of relations. Elementary discussion of existential graphs ("quite the luckiest find that has been gained in exact logic since Boole"). CSP reflects bitterly on treatment received from institutions and publishers.

281. The Basis of Pragmaticism (Basis)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1905], pp. 1-9, plus pp. 4-6.
On the senses of "philosophy" and on terminology in general. The danger of taking words from the vernacular, e.g., "light" in physics. Earlier draft of MS. 280.

282. The Basis of Pragmaticism (BP)
A. MS., G-c.1905-7, pp. 1-9.
Published as 5.497-501 with insignificant deletions.

283. The Basis of Pragmaticism (Basis)
A. MS., G-1905-1d, pp. 1-162, with pp. 3-6 missing and with pp. 112-119 discarded (p. 120 continues p. 111), plus 210 pp. of alternative sections and single page fragments.
The following parts of this manuscript were published: p. 31 (section 8), pp 37-45 as 1.573-574; pp. 45-59 as 5.549-554; pp. 135-148 as 5.448n (footnote to Monist article "Issues of Pragmaticism"). Unpublished is the argument for the truth of pragmatism based upon the argument of the Harvard Lectures of 1903 which, CSP notes, were not published in his lifetime because of the failure of a "friend" to recommend them for printing. The meaning of "science." Heuretic, practical, and retrospective science distinguished. The meaning of "philosophy." Cenoscopic and synthetic philosophy. Methods of cenoscopic research. The idea of growth, as found in Aristotle and as applied to knowledge generally. The divisions of cenoscopy, with metaphysics as the third and last division and normative science as the mid-division. The deplorable condition of metaphysics: the necessity of logic and the normative sciences generally as propaedeutic to it. The hard dualism of normative science, its distinctness from practical science, and its relationship to psychology. Action, effort, and surprise: effort and surprise only experiences from which we can derive concept of action. Doctrine of Signs. Modes of indeterminacy; indefiniteness and generality; the quantity and quality of indeterminacy. The relationship of law and existence.

284. The Basis of Pragmaticism
A. MS., two notebooks, G-c.1905-5, pp. 1-48 (one notebook); 49-91 (second notebook) .
Selections from first notebook published as 1.294-299, 1.313, and 1.313n; selections from second notebook (pp. 65-69) were published as 1.350-352. Omissions from publication (First Notebook) include the disassociation of pragmaticism from some doctrines which have become associated with it; for example, the denial of the Absolute, the affirmation of a Finite God, making action (brute force) the sammum bonum. ". . . I am one of those who say 'We believe in God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth and of all things visible and invisible' where the invisible things, I take it, are Love, Beauty, Truth, the Principle of Contradiction, Time, etc. Clearly I can have but the vaguest analogical notion of the Maker of such things, and Pragmaticism, I am sure, does not require that all my beliefs should be definite." CSP thinks that Royce in The World and the Individual comes closer to exhibiting the meaning of pragmatism than any exposition of it given by a pragmatist other than himself. Another misrepresentation of pragmaticism is to assert that pragmatism depreciates science. The principal question for pragmaticism must be whether thought has any meaning or purport beyond the simple apprehension of the thought itself. Also omitted is a discussion of the four sects of logic: Leibnizian, Associationist, Aristotelian, and Kantian. The analogy between the indecomposable elements of thought and the atoms of the different elements. Logical terms and valencies. The indecomposable elements of the phaneron. Propositions and assertions. Omissions from publication (Second Notebook) include a discussion of the three modes of mental analysis (dissociation, precision, and discrimination). Application of these modes to primanity, secundanity, and tertianity, e.g., primanity can be prescinded though it cannot be dissociated from secundanity, but secundanity cannot be prescinded but only discriminated from primanity. Finally, the use of existential graphs to explain logical fallacy.

MONIST ARTICLES 1905-06

285. Analysis of "What Pragmatism is"
A. MS., n.p., [c.1910-11], 1 folded sheet.
An incomplete topical summary of the contents of the article entitled "What Pragmatism Is," the first of the three Monist articles of 1905-06. See G-1905-1a.

286. Analysis of the Issues of Pragmatism
A. MS., n.p., [c.1910-11], 2 folded sheets. An incomplete topical summary of the contents of the article entitled "Issues of Pragmatism," the second of the three Monist articles of 1905-06. See G-1905-1b.

287. Analysis of Prolegomena
A. MS., n.p., [c.1910-11], 2 folded sheets.
An incomplete topical summary of the contents of the article entitled "Prolegomena to an Apology for Pragmaticism," the third of the three Monist articles of 1905-06. See G-1905-1c.

288. Materials for Monist Article: The Consequences of Pragmaticism. Vols. I and II
A. MS., two notebooks ("Vol. I" and "Vol. II"), n.p., April 27, 1905 (the first date recorded).
The material collected in both volumes is for the second article of the 1905-06 Monist series. Volume I: Critical Common-sensism. Pragmatism is regarded as a more critical version of a philosophy of common sense. The indubitability of propositions with indubitability associated with vagueness. The nature of doubt: the relationship of doubt to feeling, habit, and belief. The relationship of Critical Common-sensism and the normative sciences, and the relationships among the normative sciences. Volume II: Generality and vagueness. Concept of God is vague; Being of God is indefinite. Criticism of Kant: "Kant is nothing but a somewhat confused pragmatist." Ethical and logical control compared. Pragmatism connected with real possibility, with pragmatism rendered intelligible by the assertion of real possibility. Pragmatism's relationship to the normative sciences. Existence and reality: Generals are real but nonexistent.

289. Consequences of Pragmaticism (CP)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1905], pp. 1-22, plus rejected pp. 1, 5.
This paper serves as a critical commentary on the Popular Science article of January 1878 (G-1877-5b). Applications of the pragmatic maxim to specific questions, e.g., are the so-called "Laws of the Universe" habits of the universe in some objective sense? Question of God's objectivity. God and Demiurge are distinguished. Brief consideration of what constitutes reality and characterizes propositions.

290. Issues of Pragmaticism (CP)
A. MS., G-1905-1b, pp. 1-26, 30-63 (with no break in text); 12-28, 20-21, 27-28, 45-59; plus 9 single page variants.
Published, in part, as 5.402n (pp. 33-37). Unpublished is the mention of an early anticipation of pragmaticism in a Journal of Speculative Philosophy article of 1868 (G-1868-2). In that article CSP accepts two positions which underlie pragmaticism: Critical Common-sensism and Scholastic realism. Critical Common-sensism differs from the Scottish notions of common sense. Two classes of indubitable propositions noted. Acritical inferences and reasoning. Logica docens and logica utens. CSP finds support of Critical Common-sensism in the writings of Avicenna. Several applications of pragmaticism to the meaning of matter and time and to the notion of action at a distance. Theory of signs, especially symbols.

291. Pragmatism, Prag [4] (P)
A . MS., G-c.1905-8, pp. 2-68.
Omitted from publication (5.502-537): the footnote on pp. 20-21, which is concerned with the meaning of "to precide" as "to render precise, that is, non-vague, non-indefinite." Discussion of the derivation of the verb.

292. Prolegomena to an Apology for Pragmaticism (pl)
A. MS., [c.1906], pp. 1-54 and pp. 29-54 of a partial draft, with 28 pp. of variants and 2 pp. ("Index to Prolegomena").
Less misleading, perhaps, to say that there are two drafts of pp. 29-54 and that it is not certain which should be counted as completing pp. 1-28. Pages 45-53 of one of these drafts were published as 1.288-292. See G-1905-1c. Not published is the first part of the manuscript which follows the third of the Monist articles very closely. Theory of signs. Relation among thought, thinking, and Signs. Application of the type-token distinction. Diagram of thought, with some conventions for diagramming. The meaning of a conditional proposition and the revision of the tychistic hypothesis. The "second" draft is similar to the first in respect to the conventions for the diagramming of thought. Restatement of chief purpose for constructing algebras of logic and existential graphs. Sketch of a classification of signs.

293. (PAP)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1906], pp. 1-56 (only the transition from 45-46 seems unnatural) and a sequence 10-18 marked "Keep for reference" by CSP, with 48 pp. of variants.
Anthropomorphism. The "operation of the mind" as an ens rationis. Genuine reasoning distinguished from reasoning which is not genuine. All necessary reasoning is diagrammatic: Diagram is an icon of a set of rationally related objects, a schema which entrains its consequences. The three modes of non-necessary reasoning: probable deduction, induction, and abduction. System of existential graphs: application of existential graphs to the phaneron; classification of the elements of the phaneron; valency; the precedence of form over matter in all natural classifications, with the distinction between form and matter applied to existential graphs. Kant's Gesetz der Affinito/oot. What is meant by saying that identity is a continuous relation. Diagram variously characterized as token, as general sign, as definite form of relation, as a sign of an order in plurality, i.e., of an ordered plurality or multitude (pp. 10-18).

294. Prolegomena to an Apology for Pragmaticism (Pr)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1906], pp. 1-3, incomplete.
Stylistic problems. Should a writer be allowed to use the first person singular? Strategy for convincing the reader of the soundness of the writer's position.

295. (pl)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1906], fragments running brokenly from p. 8 to p. 103, with 3 pp. unnumbered.
Rejected pages for the Monist article of 1906 (G-1905-1c). Both marking and topics treated indicate close affinity with MS. 292. Various topics discussed: kinds of signs; type-token distinction; collections and classes; the substitution of "seme," "pheme," and "delome" for "term," "proposition," and "argument," and the reason for making the substitution; several conventions of the system of existential graphs.

296. The First Part of an Apology for Pragmaticism (A1)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1907-08 or 18 months after "Prolegomena"], pp. 1-14; 14-32, with p. 25 missing (but with no break in the text); pp. 7-16 of another draft; plus 24 pp. of variants.
This manuscript was intended as the fourth article of the Monist series of 1905-06, with two more articles following: The fourth article was to begin the apology, the fifth to have contained the main argument, and the sixth to have provided the subsidiary arguments and illustrations. More specifically, a rhetorical defence of the principle of pragmatism in the Popular Science Monthly issues of November 1877 and January 1878; system of existential graphs; the nominalism of Ockham and J. S. Mill; objective and subjective generality; Scholastic realism; the three ways in which an idea can be mentally isolated from another (dissociation, precision, and discrimination). Among the variant pages are some interesting biographical data, especially CSP's reflections on his father's "remarkable aesthetical discrimination" and his boyhood impressions of visitors, Emerson included, to the family home in Mason Street, Cambridge.

297. Apology for Pragmatism (Apol)
A. MS., n.p., [c.1907], pp. 1-7, incomplete.
Draft of G-1905-1g. CSP notes that there are three arguments favoring pragmatism of which the first "sets out from the observation that every new concept comes to the mind in a judgment." Judgment and assertion.

298. Phaneroscopy (f and fau)
A. MS., G-1905-1h, pp. 1-36, plus 20 pp. of variants.
This article, intended for the January 1907 Monist, was to have followed the Monist article of October 1906. Published as follows: 4.534n1 (pp. 2-3); 4.6-11 (from pp- 5-16); 4.553n1 (pp. 18-19); 1.306-311 (pp. 26-36). Unpublished are CSP's thoughts on the relevance of existential graphs to the truth of pragmaticism; his view that existential graphs afford a moving picture of thought, and his reflections on telepathy, spiritualism, and clairvoyance. Vividness and intensity of feeling: CSP's disagreement with Hume.

*299. Phaneroscopy: Or, The Natural History of Concepts (Phy or Phaneroscopy)
A. MS., G-c.1905-4, pp. 1-37 incomplete, plus 31 pp. of variants.
Published as follows: 1.332-334 (pp. 12-18); 1.335-336 (pp. 33-37). Unpublished: definition and presuppositions of science; idioscopy and cenoscopy; mathematics and cenoscopy; the nature of experience and cognition; kinds of reasoning from experience; experience and shock (having an experience requires more than a shock).

300. The Bed-Rock Beneath Pragmaticism (Bed)
A. MS., G-1905-1e, pp. 1-65; 33-40; 38-41; 37-38; 40-43.7; plus 64 pp. of fragments running brokenly from p. 1 to p. 60.
This was to have been the fourth and ante-penultimate article of the Monist series. The following pages were published as indicated: 4.561n (pp. 31-399); 4 553n2 (pp. 37-38 of a rejected section). Omitted from publication are comments on the circumstances which led to writing the various articles of the Monist series. In this connection CSP notes, with some horror, the view attributed by the New York Times to William James that practical preference was the basis of pragmatism and considers what James probably meant to say, noting James's definition of "pragmati