| Phil St P662 Seminar in History and Culture |
FALL 2004 |
| Dr. Schneider |
W 5:45-8:25p.m. UL 2115G |
Health and Social Reform since 1800
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Class Announcements Note: It is important to check the syllabus for this course before every class for announcements and changes. This schedule is correct as of Sept. 26, 2004, but it may be revised. All changes will be announced in class. |
This seminar will examine the social and political reform movements that grew out of the discoveries in biomedical sciences and their applications during the 19th and 20th centuries. Today the benefits of medical discoveries are usually thought of in individual terms. But this is partly in reaction to some of the ambitious, overzealous and naive attempts at broader social reform based on new discoveries in the 19th and 20th centuries. Among these ideologies and social reform movements were birth control, natalism, social darwinism, social hygiene and eugenics.
The basic methodological approach will be historical, cultural and comparative in that we will examine these developments from a cross-cultural perspective. Of particular interest will be the influence of geographical setting, as well as the relationship between scientific discovery and its application in different time periods. In addition to cross-cultural comparisons, students will learn the bibliographic research tools of history and biomedicine
Weekly meetings will be held to discuss readings on a given topic which will include both writings from the time period as well as representative secondary scholarship. The following is a list of readings, most of which will be handed out and a few which can be found online. Part of the requirements of the course is the development of a more extensive bibliography of secondary literature on these subjects.
Reading Requirements
Required Readings: Thse will be distributed in class. Some readings are available on the web.
Recommended: For those students who want refresher or background reading in the History of Medicine and Western Civ, the following are recommended
Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity (widely available, new and used on the web and in second-hand bookstores)
Any H114 Western Civ II textbook available in the IUPUI bookstore
PubMed: Access to Index Medicus, bibliography of journal articles, including many on the History of Medicine, maintained by the NLM. A good source of articles published on the history of medicine since 1964, but not all inclusive.
National Library of Medicine: the on-line catalog of the most comprehensive medical library in the world and best source of medical books published. Click here to try the on-line version of Index Catalog of medical publications before 1964.
History of Biomedicine (Carolinska Institut Stockholm): excellent comprehensive list of reference materials and links
MedHist: a guide to history of medicine resources on the Internet maintained by the Wellcome Library in London
History of Women and Science, Health, and Technology: a somewhat dated Bibliographic Guide to the Professions and the Disciplines
Historical Abstracts/American History and Life : The most complete databases of articles on history in general, requires your IUPUI userid and password.
Course Requirements
The course grade will be based on the following:
Writing assignments
(plus class participation) = 35%
term paper = 65%
Writing Assignments
1. Bibliographic essay and bibliography
Each student will pick a week's topic and develop a bibliography of secondary literature for it. That student will lead discussion as well as turn in a bibliographic essay on the topic at the class meeting.
2. Short research paper: The Scientific Justification for Prohibition (5 pp.)
See below: Sept. 15
3. Take home essay (5 pp.)
Analysis and synthesis of the first six weeks of topics
Term paper (25pp.)
To be written on the history and development of a social or political movement (such as birth control, anti-alcohol, anti-venereal disease, natalist, physical education, eugenics) based on one of the new developments in health and biomedical science in the 19th and 20th century (e.g., demography, criminology, psychological testing, human genetics, public health, medicine).
The paper may, but does not necessarily have to, be based on the same topic chosen for bibliographic work. It must utilize primary sources if it is a case study. It may be based on secondary sources if the paper is comparative.
Be sure you understand the school's policy on plagiarism (cheating). Those guilty of it will be dealt with in accordance with the regulations spelled out in the Student Code of Conduct available at http://life.iupui.edu/dos/code.htm.
To contact the instructor outside of class:
OFFICE HOURS: CA-329, M W 12:00-1:00; 2:15-3:30 or by appointment
Phone: 274-7220; E-Mail: whschnei@iupui.edu
Topics and Reading Assignments
[**Note: Dates and assignments are subject to change. You will
be notified in class of any changes.]
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Date |
Topic | |
Aug 25 |
Introduction | |
| Note: Class will meet in UL 2115G (Philanthropic Studies library, 2nd fl. of University Library). If you arrive after 6:30 p.m. for this class, go to the Medical Library (History of Medicine Room, 3rd fl.), located behind (north of) University Hospital. | ||
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Date |
Topic | |
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Sep 8 |
Natalism in the 20th Century | |
Joseph J. Spengler, Chs. 6 & 10 "Depopulationist Fears: Repopulationism, 1870-1937"; "Measures to promote Natural Increases," France Faces Depopulation (1939), pp. 121-34; 218-55 Rachel G. Fuchs, ed. "Population and the State in the Third Republic," special issue of French Historical Studies , 19 (1996), 634-754
Alisa Klaus, "Depopulation and Race Suicide: Pronatalist Ideologies in France and the United States," in Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of the Welfare State , ed. Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (1993), 188-212 Benito Mussolini, "Law of Dec. 10, 1925. National Organization for Maternity and Child Welfare," in Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions (1935), pp. 251-269 (See also law of 1927) Victoria De Grazia, How Fascism Ruled Women: Italy 1922-1945 (1992), pp. 41-76 Clifford Kirkpatrick, "Ch. 6 The Battle of the Birth Rate," Nazi Germany: Its Women and Family Life (1938), pp. 149-173 Jill Stephenson, Women in Nazi Society (1975), pp. 37-56 Richard A. Soloway, Demography and Degeneration (1990), pp. 283-311 |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Sep 15 |
Degeneration & Threats to Health: Alcohol | |
Paper due: The Scientific Justification for Prohibition Using the readings below and sources published at the time, describe the scientific justification given for passage of the 18th amendment to the U.S. constitution and the Volstead Act of 1920. The type-written paper should be 3-5 pages in length. Identify your sources, at least three of which must be primary. You should have between 5 to 7 sources and may find other secondary sources. Click on the following for information about format of notes for papers. **Be prepared to discuss your findings in class.** For background, see: James H. Timberlake, Prohibition and the Progressive Movement, 1900-1920 (1963), pp. 39-66 "Introduction" in Barrows, Susanna, and Robin Room, eds. Drinking : behavior and belief in modern history (Berkeley : University of California Press, c1991), pp. 12-17 Ian Tyrrell, "Women and Temperance in Comparative Perspective: The World's WTCU, 1880s-1920s," in Susanna Barrows and Robin Room, eds. Drinking : behavior and belief in modern history (1991), 217-40 Hermann Fahrenkrug, "Alcohol and the State in Nazi Germany, 1933-1945," in Barrows and Room, eds. Drinking : behavior and belief in modern history (1991), 315-34 |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Sep 22 |
Germ Theory and Public Health in 20th century: TB, Venereal Disease | |
Edwin Chadwick's Report on Sanitary Conditions (1842) (Click here) Rudolf Virchow, "Report on the Typhus Epidemic in Upper Silesia" (1848), 205-206; 307-19 Daniel M. Fox, "Social Policy and City Politics: Tuberculosis Reporting in New York, 1889-90," Bulletin of the History of Medicine , 49 (1975), 169-95 A. Adolphus Knopf, "The Tuberculosis Christmas Seal," in A History of the National Tuberculosis Association (1922), pp. 55-66 IM WF 1 N277K 1922 Michael E. Teller, The Tuberculosis Movement (1988), pp. 33-53; 95-108 BB RC310 T45 (photocopied) Allan Mitchell, "Obsessive Questions and Faint Answers: The French Response to Tuberculosis in the Belle Epoque," Bulletin of the History of Medicine , 62 (1988), 215-35 Simmons, Christina, "African Americans and Sexual Victorianism in the Social Hygiene Movement, 1910-1940," Journal of the history of sexuality , 4 (1993), 51-75 IP HQ12 J66 Paul McHugh, Prostitution and Victorian Social Reform (1980), pp. 16-34 Alain Corbin, Women for Hire (1990), pp. 263-309;421-32 BB HQ194 C6513 Brandt, Allan M. No magic bullet : a social history of venereal disease in the United States since 1880 (New York : Oxford University Press, 1987), pp. 3-6; 96-121 Thomas McKeown, The Role of Medicine (Princeton University Press, 1979), pp. 91-113 |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Sep 29 |
Take Home exam due | |
Theories of Degeneration; Darwin and Mendel: Heredity and Health Richard A. Soloway, Demography and Degeneration (1990), pp. 38-59 IP HQ 755.5 G7 S65 William H. Schneider, Quality and Quantity (1990), pp. 11-23 IP HQ 755.5 F8 S36 Paul Weindling, Health, Race and German Politics (1989), pp. 214-230 IP RA418.3 G3 W45 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species , (Mod. Lib.), 53-55; 82-85 Charles Darwin, Descent of Man , (Mod. Lib.), 496-511; 542-556 Theodore Roosevelt, "Expansion and Peace," Writings of Theodore Roosevelt , ed. William H. Harbaugh (1967, orig. publ. 1899), pp. 27-36 Theodore Roosevelt, "Letters to Cecil Arthur Spring Rice, Aug. 5, 1896; May 29, 1897; and Aug. 13, 1897," in Letters of Theodore Roosevelt (1951), 1: 553-56, 618-21, 644-49 Richard Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in Ameria (1959), pp. 3-12 IP HM22 U5 H6 Linda L. Clark, Social Darwinism in France (1984), pp. 1-8;176-82 BB HM106 C57 1984 Weikart, Richard, "The Origins of Social Darwinism in Germany, 1859-1895," Journal of the history of ideas , 54 (1993), 469-88 IP B1 J75 |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Oct 6 |
Degeneration & Threats to Health: IQ Testing, Criminality | |
Alfred Binet, Development of Intelligence in Children (1916), pp. 37-40; 253-70 IP BF432.5 B55 D48 Lewis Terman, "The Use of Intelligence Tests" and "Significance of Various Intelligence Quotients," in The Measurement of Intelligence (1916), pp. 9-21; 78-104 IM BF431 T319m Robert M. Yerkes, "Psychological Examining in the United States Army," Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences , 15 (1921), pp. 156-65; 528-32; 693; 696-99; 705-708; 719-20; 731-33; 738 BB Q11 N24 V. 15 J. David Smith, Minds Made Feeble: The Myth and Legacy of the Kallikaks (1985), 1-19; 61-85 BB HQ755.35 S65 Gillian Sutherland, "Ch. 10 The Peculiarities of the English," Measurement, Mental Testing and Ability (1984), pp. 283-90 IP LB3056 G7 S9 Urban, Wayne J., "The Black Scholar And Intelligence Testing: The Case of Horace Mann Bond," Journal of the history of the behavioral science , 25 (1989), 323-34IP BF1 J7 Schneider, "After Binet: French Intelligence Testing, 1900-1940," Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences , 28 (1992), 111-32 Cesare Lombroso, Crime, Its Causes and Remedies (1912), pp. xxxiii-xxxvi; 151-174IP HV6038 L6 G. Frank Lydstrom, "Physical and Psychic Characteristics of the Criminal," in The Diseases of Society: The Vice and Crime Problem (1904), pp. 476-516 IP HV4965 L8 A. E. Hooton, The American Criminal (1969, orig. pub. 1939), pp. vii-xi A.E. Hooton, Crime and the Man (1939), pp. vii-ix; 3-12; 370-98 IP HV6025 H7 Randy Martin, "Ch. 2 Cesare Lombroso: 1835-1909," Criminological Thought: Pioneers (1990), pp. 20-44 BB HV6023 Wiener, Martin J. Reconstructing the criminal : culture, law, and policy in England, 1830-1914 (NY: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp 342-65 IP HV6022 G7 W54 Leps, Marie-Christine. Apprehending the criminal : the production of deviance in nineteenth-century discourse (Durham : Duke University Press, 1992.), pp. 1-14; 32-69 IP P302 L46 |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Oct 13 |
Philanthropy, Health and Reform: Towards the Well-Being of Mankind |
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Alan Nevins, John D. Rockefeller (NY: Scribners, 1959), 1 vol. abridged, 279-90;297-300; 333-48 Rockefeller, John D., Random reminiscences of men and events (New York, Arno Press, 1973 [c1909]) IP Phil St HD9570.R6 A3 1973 Gates, Frederick Taylor, Chapters in my life ( New York : Free Press, c1977), 184-88; 205-10; 224-30; 252-59 IP Phil St HV28.G3 A33 1977 E. Richard Brown, "Public health in imperialism: early Rockefeller programs at home and abroad," Am J Public Health. 1976 Sep;66(9):897-903 Eliot, Charles William, Some roads towards peace; a report to the trustees of the Endowment on observations made in China and Japan in 1912 (Washington, D.C., The Endowment, 1913) IP Phil St JX1906 .E6 1913 E. Richard Brown, "Rockefeller Medicine in China: Professionalism and Imperialism," in Philanthropy and Cultural Imperialism: The Foundations at Home and Abroad, ed., Robert Arnove (Boston, 1980): 123-46. IP Phil St HV16 .P44 1982 If time permits, browse:
Solorzano A. "Sowing the seeds of neo-imperialism: the Rockefeller Foundation's yellow fever campaign in Mexico," Int J Health Serv. 1992;22(3):529-54 IM Roy B. "The Julius Rosenwald Fund syphilis seroprevalence studies," J Natl Med Assoc. 1996 May;88(5):315-22 IM James H. Jones, Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment - a Tragedy of Race and Medicine (NY: Free Press, 1981), 1-15 |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Oct 20 |
Eugenics: origins and development in Britain and the U.S. | |
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Gregor Mendel, Experiments in Plant Hybridisation , (1865), pp. 1-16 Francis Galton, "Eugenics: Its Definition , Scope and Aims," in Essays in Eugenics (1909), pp. 35-43 Charles Davenport, "Research in Eugenics," in Second International Eugenics Congress, 1921 (1923), Vol. 1: Raymond Pearl, "The Differential Birthrate," in Sixth International Neo-malthusian and Birth Control Conference (1925), Vol. 2: 19-29 BB HQ766 I5 (photocopied) C. J. Bond, "Causes of Racial Decay," and F.C.S. Schiller, "Eugenical Reform of the House of Lords," Eugenics Review , 20 (1928), 5-19; 237-244 J. David Smith, Minds made Feeble , pp. 135-68 Daniel J. Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics (1985) IP HQ751 K48 1986 Selden, Steven, "Selective Traditons and the Science Curriculum: Eugenics and the Biology Textbook, 1914-1949," Science education, 75 (1991), 493-512 IP Q181 A1 S25 Rafter, Nicole H., "Claims-Making and Socio-Cultural Context in the First U.S. Eugenics Campaign," Social problems, 39 (1992), 17-33 IP HN1 S58 Edward J. Larson, Sex, Race and Science: Eugenics in the Deep South (1995), pp. 40-62 IM HQ755.5 U5 L334s Martin S. Pernick, Black Stork: Eugenics and the Birth of "Defective Babies" in American Medicine and Motion Pictures since 1915 (1996), pp. 129-58 HQ751 P452b 1996 Michael G. Kenny, "Toward a racial abyss: Eugenics, Wickliffe Draper, and the origins of The Pioneer Fund," Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 38 (2002), 259 - 283 (Click here.) |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Oct 27 |
Eugenics: Indiana and around the world | |
Richard L. Dugdale, "Hereditarian Pauperism as Illustrated in the 'Juke' Family," (1877), and Elizabeth S. Kite, "The Kallikaks," (1912), in Nicole Hahn Rafter, ed. White Trash (1988), pp. 33-47; 74-80 BB HQ755.5 U5 W52 Stephen R. Hall, "Oscar McCulloch and Indiana Eugenics,"( Ph.D. thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1993), pp. 2-10; 85-114 IP Phil Hugo P. Leaming, "The Ben Ishmael Tribe: A Fugitive 'Nation' of the Old Northwest," in The Ethnic Frontier , eds., Melvin G. Holli and Peter d'A. Jones (1971), 98-141 IP F548.9 A1 E86 Arthur H. Estabrook, "The Tribe of Ishmael," in Second International Eugenics Congress, 1921 (1923), Vol. 1: 398-404 Jon Alfred Mjoen, "Harmonic and Disharmonic Race Crossings," Second International Eugenics Congress , Vol. 2: 41-61 BB HQ750 A316 Louis L. Snyder, ed., Hitler's Third reich: A Documentary History (1981), 132-33; 143-44; 160-63; 211-14; 247-48; 309-10 The Wellborn Science (1990), ; IP HQ 751 W 46 1990 Sheila F. Weiss, "The Race Hygiene Movement in Germany," pp. 8-68 Mark B. Adams, "Eugenics in Russia," 153-216; Adams, "Towards a Comparative History of Eugenics," 217-31 Stepan, Nancy. The hour of eugenics : race, gender, and nation in Latin America (Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1991), pp. 35-62 IP HQ 755.5 L29 S74 Schneider, Quality and Quantity IP HQ 755.5 F8 S36 [to be added] Yuehtsen J. Chung, Struggle for National Survival-Eugenics in Sino-Japanese Contexts, 1896-1945 (Routledge, in the series of East Asia: History, Politics, Sociology & Culture, 2002) [to be added] |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Nov 3 |
Health and Social Reform: The Welfare State | |
Otto Pflanze, Bismarck and the Development of Germany (1990), vol. 3: 150-62 Helen Jones, Health and Society in Twentieth Century Britain (London: Longmans, 1994), 88-92; 108-25 Baldwin, Peter, The Politics of Social Solidarity: Class Bases of the European Welfare State, 1875-1975 (New York: Cambridge U. Pr., 1990), (France) 163-86 Starr, Paul, The social transformation of American medicine (New York : Basic Books, c1982), 237-57; 266-89 |
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Nov 10 |
No class | |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Nov 17 |
Review of Term papers | |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Nov 24 |
Thanksgiving Vacation | |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Dec 1 |
Review of Term Papers |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Dec 8 |
No Class | |
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Date |
Topic | |
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Dec 15 |
Term Papers due | |