Modern Africa

H421 (24239)/ H521 (15478)

 

Term: Fall 2004                                                                         Office: CA 503P

Professor:  Didier Gondola                                                        Office Hours: MW: 11:00-12:00

Time: MW: 9:30-10:45A                                                             Email: gondola@iupui.edu

Room: CA 219                                                                          Office Phone: 274-8160

 

 

Nota bene:  This syllabus and other course materials can be found on the web page (http://oncourse.iu.edu) and on the homepage of the Department of History.  To get to the History Department homepage: from http://www.iupui.edu click on ACADEMICS; then SCHOOLS; then IU SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS; then RELATED PAGES; then DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY; then COURSES and CLASS MATERIALS, then H421-H521.

 

Course Description

History 421/521 is dual course offered to undergraduate (H421) and graduate students (H521).  Graduate students who wish to take this course for graduate credit may not take H421 but rather H521.  One of the most important issues in modern African history is the extent of the colonial impact on African societies.  Was colonization a major rupture or a parenthesis?  Have African communities managed to preserve some of their precolonial traditions in spite of the colonial episode? Are African societies still influenced by the colonial legacy? And, to begin with, was Africa really decolonized?  Those are some of the questions this course will attempt to address.  It will examine present African societies, with a focus on West Africa and Central Africa, in light of the ruptures and continuities of the past and the present.  The class is run as a seminar with short lectures followed by class discussions.  Questions concerning the subject matter of the course are welcome at any time.

 

Requirements

 

Nota Bene:  There are no make-ups and no extra-credit assignments in this class. Assignments must be turned in on the day they are due.  Any late assignment will not be graded.  This policy will be strictly enforced.

 

A.     Regular class attendance and participation in class discussions (10%).  Students will be asked to relate their questions and comments to the assigned readings in order to facilitate productive discussion and engagement of the course materials.

B.     “Why Were Africans Enslaved?” Project (10%) 3-4 pages — Due September 22

C.     Mid-Term Exam (20%) — October 13.

D.     Book Report of Things Fall Apart (10%) 3-4 pages — Due November 8.

E.       “Biography of a Country” Project (10%) 3-4 pages — Due November 22

F.      Final Paper, 5-7 double-spaced pages (20%) — Due December 1.

G.     Final Exam (20%) includes only topics covered since midterm — December 13.

 

Books [available at the University bookstore.  Each student should purchase and read according to the schedule dates the books required]

All required readings for the course are available at the bookstore and I suggest you purchase all the recommended books.  Additional texts and articles we will discuss in class will be posted on Oncourse.  I strongly recommend that you read them at least twice before coming to class.  Make notes in your texts or on a separate sheet of paper and highlight or underline the specific passages you want to discuss.

 

Bill Freund.  The Making of Contemporary Africa.

David Northrup. The Atlantic Slave Trade

Chinua Achebe.  Things Fall Apart

 

Films (excerpts of the following films will be shown in class)

·        Africa (Basil Davidson, 1984)

·        The Africans (Ali Mazrui, 1985)

·        Africa (A PBS Series, 2000)

·        Africans in America (1998)

·        Women with Open Eyes (1993)

·        The Amistad Revolt.  All we Want is to be Free (1995)

·        Liberia, The Promised Land (1996)

·        Zaire: The Cycle of the Serpent (1992)

·        Family Across the Sea (1993)

 

Class Attendance

 

Students are required to attend class on a regular basis. They should come to class on time and keep any scheduled appointment.  Students who for extraordinary reasons cannot meet a deadline or come to class should discuss the situation with the instructor beforehand.  An assignment turned in after the due date will incur a grade cut of one point for every late day.

 

Class Participation

 

The classroom is an environment of learning par excellence.  Not only do students learn from the instructor and by their own critical analysis of the material but they also learn from fellow students.  It is, of course, an intimate and ever-changing space where students are constantly asked to share opinions and critically analyze the issues as they are being presented by the instructor and fellow students.  Participation in class discussions is instrumental in the student’s ability to analyze and assimilate information.  Do not feel shy to ask a question, raise an issue or interject a thought.  There are several ways to get prepared for class discussions.  Here are some tips on how students can enrich discussion of the course materials: (1) Spend time before each class preparing for discussion by making notes in your texts or on a separate sheet of paper pertaining to specific passages from the readings that you want to discuss. (2) During class discussions, when raising a question or point about the assigned readings, make specific references to texts, authors and page numbers in question. (3) Listen carefully to an interlocutor’s question and position before responding and making your own comment. Try not to make assumptions about your interlocutor’s intentions or motivations based on his/her gender or origin.  Never hesitate to ask your interlocutor to clarify or restate her/his position.

 

Paper Grading Policy

 

I believe that a grade is less a reward for or a penalty against the student’s intelligence than a reflexion of the student’s proficiency to write clearly and persuasively a paper on a given topic.  Organization and pertinence of ideas, as well as grammar and clarity, are among some the chief criteria I use in grading a paper.  With this in mind I give the following grades:

 

A.     means that the paper is written with grace and clarity. The student has demonstrated a mastery in writing clearly and organizing ideas methodically on a given topic.  Ideas are not randomly thrown here and there but are complementary and cohesive elements of a well-organized paper.

B.     is above average. Ideas flow well. Grammatical errors are minimal.

C.     is for an average paper that complies with the topic assigned or chosen. The student has done just what I asked for. Grammar is fair and content is intelligible.

D.     is for a paper written with a level of grammatical errors that sometimes hinders the comprehension. Ideas exist but are arranged without a clear logic. Some of them are obscure and unintelligible. Sentences are confusing…

F.      is for a paper quickly and poorly written, with incomplete sentences, and often off-subject. This grade signifies an unacceptable performance in writing a specific assignment.  Usually the content can hardly be grasped because of a lack of clarity and organization.

 

Here is my grading chart:

 

Letters  Numbers         Letters  Numbers         Letters  Numbers         Letters   Numbers

A+       97-100             B+       85-88               C+       73-76               D+       61-64  

A         93-96               B          81-84               C         69-72               D         57-60

A-        89-92               B-        77-80               C-        65-68               D-        53-56

F          52

 

Here are some writing tips:

 

1.      “Have something to say, and say it as clearly as you can. That is the only secret of style” (Matthew Arnold).

2.      “The great enemy of clear language is insincerity” (George Orwell)

3.      When writing a paper, do not make unsupported assertions.  Try to present the most convincing case for your argument.  Think carefully and thoroughly about the evidence you will use to support your position.  Always anticipate opposing critiques of your position and opposing arguments. Try to answer or address opposing positions as you present your own position.  This will demonstrate that you are aware of alternative viewpoints and that you are capable of proposing and defending a thesis.

4.      Your paper should not be a first-draft presentation and organization of your thoughts.  Give yourself ample time to read the assigned materials and to consult appropriate sources before making final decisions about your thesis statement and the supporting evidence which will provide structure for your argument and conclusion.  For example, you might begin writing your final paper by making very strong statements about a point you aim at defending.  However, in consulting the works of scholars in the field, you may see the need to modify your original thesis, or you may be compelled to abandon it altogether.  This is to be expected in scholarly research and writing.  You should not feel reluctant to change your argument if your reasons for changing it are more convincing than your original reasons for posing it.

5.      Please take advantage of all the resources available to you when planning to write your paper.  Never hesitate to ask reference librarians for help in trying to locate scholarly sources.  Never hesitate to ask me for extra help in thinking through your ideas for the paper. Discusing a topic before researching and writing can help you think of new ideas and new approaches and sources. It can also save time.

6.      Always use page numbering and a 12 inch-font. Do not hesitate to use footnotes I you think they might clarify your demonstration.  A bibliography should always figure at the end of your paper.  Double-spacing is a requirement.

7.      Last but not least, always proofread your paper before you hand it in to be graded. Not only does proofread help rid your paper of any grammatical errors and typos that can make its content less comprehensible and appealing, but it also helps to consider re-wording a sentence or improving an existing idea. Proofreading can make a difference in your grade.

 

Student Dishonesty

 

1. Cheating

“A Student must not submit substantial portions of the same academic work for credit or honors more than once without permission of the instructor to whom the work is being submitted.”  This is one among many forms of cheating.  For more details, please refer to the Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities, and Conducts.

 

2. pla.gia.rize \vbrized; -riz.ing vt [plagiary] (1716)

: to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own

: use (a created production) without crediting the source ~ vi : to

commit literary theft : present as new and original an idea or product

derived from an existing source —  pla.gia.riz.er n

 

— From the Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, Tenth Edition, 1997, p. 888.

 

We’ve entered an age where the amount of information generated and the technology available to retrieve it have made it easier for anybody to take verbatim words and ideas belonging to somebody else, without the author’s permission, without reference to the authorship, and by passing them as his or her own.  This is unacceptable, especially in the academic environment where copyright laws are supposed to be known and respected by all.  Please always abide by the following rules:

 

a.       Never use and idea that you have borrowed, without referring to the authorship.

b.      Figures, when not your own, should always be referenced.

c.       There is nothing wrong in inserting quotes in your work, but always give the source (author, work, date and place of publication, publisher and page number)

 

While it is hard for some of us to assimilate that words and ideas are also property and as such are subject to copyright laws, we should always remember the Golden Rule.

(Also refer to the Indiana University Bulletin, 1998-2000: School of Liberal Arts, p. 20-21) 

 

Civility Statement

 

The classroom is a learning community in which we all need to collaborate in order to meet our goals. We can only create a positive learning environment through positive speech and positive behavior.  Rude, sarcastic, obscene, disrespectful, insensitive speech and behavior will negatively impact the classroom learning community and impede the process of learning.  Positive speech and behavior create and nurture a safe learning environment where the instructor and the students respect one another and freely share knowledge.  All students enrolled in this course have a responsibility to create and maintain a safe and positive environment conducive to learning and intellectual growth.  A learning-friendly and safe environment is one that is free of distractions, engages and nurtures all participants in the learning process, does not inhibit, frustrate, demean or dehumanize any individual or group. Students who use rude and inflammatory language, who distract other students, who engage in inappropriate behavior, and thus obstruct the learning process, will be asked to leave as a first preventive step.

 

Examples of uncivil classroom behaviors:

 

L     Tardiness

L     Leaving class early

L     Packing before dismissal time

L     Eating

L     Chewing gum

L     Sleeping

L     Vulgarity

L     Sarcastic remarks or gestures

L     Insensitive comments concerning race, ethnicity, or gender

L     Interrupting other students or instructor

L     Not listening to other students

L     Private conversations unrelated to the class

L     Not paying attention

L     Use of computer for purposes not related to the class

L     Cell phone and pager disruptions

L     Reading materials (e.g. newspapers) unrelated to class

L     Cheating on exams or quizzes

L     Demanding make-up exams, extensions, grade changes or special favors

L     Inappropriate emails to instructor or other students

 

Examples of Civil behaviors:

 

J     Arrive on time and remain for the duration of the class

J     Refrain from conducting private conversations in class

J     Use appropriate language

J     Show respect to instructor and other students

J     Listen effectively and respond thoughtfully and sensitively

J     Come to class prepared

 

IUPUI Principles of Undergraduate Learning

The Principles of Undergraduate Learning are the essential ingredients of the undergraduate educational experience at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis. These principles form a conceptual framework for all students’ general education but necessarily permeate the curriculum in the major field of study as well. More specific expectations for IUPUI’s graduates are determined by the faculty in a student’s major field of study. Together, these expectations speak to what graduates of IUPUI will know and what they will be able to do upon completion of their degree.

Core Communication and Quantitative Skills

[Definition:] The ability of students to write, read, speak and listen, perform quantitative analysis, and use information resources and technology--the foundation skills necessary for all IUPUI students to succeed.

[Outcomes:] This set of skills is demonstrated, respectively, by the ability (a) to express ideas and facts to others effectively in a variety of written formats, (b) to comprehend, interpret, and analyze texts, (c) to communicate orally in one-on-one and group settings, (d) to solve problems that are quantitative in nature, and (e) to make efficient use of information resources and technology for personal and professional needs.

Critical Thinking

[Definition:] The ability of students to analyze carefully and logically information and ideas from multiple perspectives.

[Outcomes:] This skill is demonstrated by the ability of students (a) to analyze complex issues and make informed decisions, (b) to synthesize information in order to arrive at reasoned conclusions, (c) to evaluate the logic, validity, and relevance of data, (d) to solve challenging problems, and (e) to use knowledge and understanding in order to generate and explore new questions.

Integration and Application of Knowledge

[Definition:] The ability of students to use information and concepts from studies in multiple disciplines in their intellectual, professional, and community lives.

[Outcomes:] This skill is demonstrated by the ability of students to apply knowledge (a) to enhance their personal lives, (b) to meet professional standards and competencies, and (c) to further the goals of society.

Intellectual Depth, Breadth, and Adaptiveness

[Definition:] The ability of students to examine and organize disciplinary ways of knowing and to apply them to specific issues and problems.

[Outcomes:] (a) Intellectual depth describes the demonstration of substantial knowledge and understanding of at least one field of study; (b) intellectual breadth is demonstrated by the ability to compare and contrast approaches to knowledge in different disciplines; (c) adaptiveness is demonstrated by the ability to modify one’s approach to an issue or problem based on the contexts and requirements of particular situations.

Understanding Society and Culture

[Definition:] The ability of students to recognize their own cultural traditions and to understand and appreciate the diversity of the human experience, both within the United States and internationally.

[Outcomes:] This skill is demonstrated by the ability (a) to compare and contrast the range of diversity and universality in human history, societies, and ways of life; (b) to analyze and understand the interconnectedness of global and local concerns; and (c) to operate with civility in a complex social world.

Values and Ethics

[Definition:] The ability of students to make judgments with respect to individual conduct, citizenship, and aesthetics.

[Outcomes:] A sense of values and ethics is demonstrated by the ability of students (a) to make informed and principled choices regarding conflicting situations in their personal and public lives and to foresee the consequences of these choices; and (b) to recognize the importance of aesthetics in their personal lives and to society.

 


 

I           Introduction

 

August             25:       Why Study Africa?  What is Modern Africa?

                               

30:       The Africa that Never Was (European Images of Africa)

                        Hegel, Geographical Basis of World History*

Curtin, The Africans’ ‘Place in Nature’*

 

September       1:         Africa Before the European Gaze

                                    Freund 1 & 2

                        6:         LABOR  DAY (NO CLASSES)

 

II         The Atlantic Slave Era

 

September       8:         What Is Slavery?

                                    Lovejoy, African and Slavery*

 

13:       Did Slavery Exist in Africa before Europeans Came?

                                    Manning, Why Africans? The Rise of the Slave Trade to 1700*

                                    Northrup, Part II: The Slave Trade Within Africa

 

                        15:       Did Europeans come to Africa to Enslave Africans?

                                    Northrup, Part I: Why Were Africans Enslaved?

Freund 3

                                               

                        20:       Is the all Thing about Sugar?

                        22:       The Making of Slaves: European & African Involvement

            In the Atlantic Slave Trade

                                    Northrup, Part III: The Middle Passage

            “Why Were Africans Enslaved?” Project Due  

                  Discussion: Who Was Responsible for Slavery?

 

III        Abolition

 

September       27:       To What Extent did The Slave Trade Affect African Societies?

                  Discussion: Black Holocaust?

                                    Northrup, Part IV: Effects in Africa

 

                        29:       Abolition

                                    Northrup, Part VI: Abolition

 

October           4:         Amistad: The Real Story

                                    Black Holocaust: Laying Claims to Sorrows Beyond Words*

Discussion: Should Reparations be Paid for Slavery?

 

6:         African Diasporas in Historical Perspectives

                                    Northrup, Part V: Effects in Europe and the Americas

 

11:       Video: Family Across the Sea (Gullah People)

13:       MIDTERM EXAMINATION

 

IV        The Scramble for Africa

 

October           18:       From Slave Trade to Legitimate Commerce

                                    Freund 4

                                               

                        20:       The Scramble for Africa & European Conquest

                                    Freund 5

 

October           25:       African Resistance

                        27:       Video: Liberia, The Promised Land

               

V         The Colonial Era

 

November       1:         South Africa: The Roots of Apartheid

                                    Freund 8

 

                        3:         Discussion: What is Colonization?

                                    Freund 6

 

                        8:         Colonial Changes

            Things Fall Apart Book Report Due

Freund 7

 

                        10:       Discussion: Achebe, Things Fall Apart

 

15:       The Era of Decolonization

                                    Freund 9

 

17:       The Rise of Nationalism & Independence

            “Biography of a Country” Project Due

                               

22:       Development Issues in Africa

                                                Video: The Curse of Congo: A Story of Wealth and Ruin

Rodney: Colonialism as a System For Underdeveloping Africa*

Freund 10

24:       THANKSGIVING BREAK  (NO CLASSES)

 

VI        Postcolonial Africa & the Legacy of Colonization

 

November       29:       Ethnic Conflict: Understanding the Rwandan Genocide

                                    Newbury: Understanding Genocide*

 

December        1:         South Africa and the End of Apartheid

                                                Video: Facing the Truth with Bill Moyers

Freund 11

                                    Final Paper Due

 

                        6:         Video: The Africans: A Clash of Cultures

                        8:         Discussion: Towards Recolonization?

                                    Freund 12

Pfaff: Europe Should Go Back to Africa*

                                    Mazrui: Recolonize Africa?*

 

December         13:        Final Examination